238 REPORT OP THE FORESTRY COMMITTEE 



Some managers prefer a man and wife for cooks. They are more apt to be 

 steady, but others will not permit a woman about the camp. The cook and 

 helpers live in the rear part of the cook-house, as a rule. A few companies pro- 

 vide separate quarters for the cooks when a married couple is employed. 



Wherever possible, the men come in to all meals. A lunch is beneath the 

 regal appetite of a lumberjack and occasions much grumbling. Where unavoid- 

 able, a man is usually sent out with hot coffee. 



The larger camps operating logging railroads of any length have machine 

 shops. These vary from small ones scarcely more than enlarged blacksmith 

 shops to those fully equipped with the most modern machinery. Electric cranes, 

 steam riveters, and high-power welding equipment, are found in the better shops. 

 All repairs necessary to the operation can be made in the shop. In addition to 

 the machinist, there is commonly a "donkey doctor," who goes out in the woods 

 to make repairs on engines not seriously enough out of shape to warrant taking 

 them into the shop. A few companies have a systematized tool system. 



Each logging engine has a carefully standardized set of necessary tools; 

 each camp a certain equipment of reserve supply in addition to the tools actually 

 in use. At the headquarters camp the final reserve is kept in or near the machine 

 shop. Some one man of the shop force has charge of these various tool supplies 

 and is required to keep the reserve up to standard. If a tool or piece of 

 rigging is lost or broken in the woods it must be reported or shown to the fore- 

 man, who either replaces it from the camp reserve or phones in to the head- 

 quarters camp for a new or mended article. Should the replaced tool come from 

 the camp reserve it must be immediately made good from the final reserve at 

 headquarters. Broken rigging or tools are immediately sent to the shop to be 

 repaired, and even should they be beyond repair quite often parts of them are 

 useful in mending other articles. 



A common-sense tool system is needed in every camp that makes any pre- 

 tension to efficiency. 



A telephone system is found in practically all the larger camps. It is inval- 

 uable in case of breakdowns, accidents, and for general ordering. 



The majority of the camps charge from 50 cents to $1 per month for hos- 

 pital service. This is usually turned over to some doctor or hospital, which 

 contracts, in turn, to give medical attention and care to the holders of these 

 hospital tickets. The charge is compulsory and is deducted from the pay of all 

 • men who have worked three days or longer. In each camp an emergency equip- 

 ment is kept, consisting of a stretcher, bandages, and disinfectants. Liability 

 insurance is now cared for by the State, the companies being taxed according to 

 their payrolls. 



The larger companies operating railroad camps are coming to employ a 

 logging engineer regularly. During the summer months he may have several 

 crews under him and at other times must depend on such help as he can pick up 

 in one of the camps. 



The methods of work, of course, vary to a very great extent. Speaking 

 generally, the main-line surveys are run very carefully with transit, and located 



