IflFTH NATIONAL CONSERVATION CONGRESS 241 



The various rigs for loading and landing the logs are so numerous to suit 

 widely different conditions that it will be impossible to describe them here except 

 in a very general way. The most common method is the use of a gin pole with 

 either a separate loading engine or a loading drum on the yarder or road engine, 

 as the case may be, that is operated nearest the landing. The gin poles vary in 

 height from 40' to 80', and the logs are either rolled or lifted on with a critch 

 line. Another method is to load without landings, as is done with the Lidger- 

 wood system. 



In camps of sufficient size to warrant it a separate crew is kept to build skid- 

 roads and landings. This crew is in charge of a head-skidder who is an expert 

 in his line. By keeping the work laid out far enough ahead, all landings and 

 roads will be in shape for immediate occupation by the time the logging crew is 

 ready to move on to them. 



The use of oil as fuel for logging engines is increasing rapidly. It eliminates 

 fire risk, and makes it possible to keep up a better head of steam on long or steep 

 hauls. Where oil is already installed on the locomotive, it is very little more 

 trouble to use it on the logging engines, and many of the companies using oil can 

 produce cost data to show that the expense of logging with oil may even fall 

 below that of operation with wood for fuel. At present oil is used only where 

 the donkeys are comparatively close to the track, as it takes high pressure and 

 considerable time to pump the heavy fuel oil for any distance, especially in cold 

 weather. 



The use of electricity for power in a logging operation under suitable con- 

 ditions has passed from the experimental to the development stage; the enclosed 

 paper showing the actual results obtained from the use of electric logging engines 

 will give an idea of the great possibilities of electricity as power for logging 

 operations. 



Gasoline engines have been successfully developed and in actual use for the 

 past three years. While they have not developed the high power of the steam 

 and electric engines, there seems to be no unsurmountable difficulty in the way of 

 producing more power from the gasoline motor. The operation of the gasoline 

 engine has proved quite economical, and the fact that it uses bdt little water is 

 quite an argument in its favor. 



One of the most important elements in the successful management of a 

 modern logging organization is the intelligent cooperation between the woods and 

 the office. These departments are interdependent in many particulars, and should 

 work in perfect harmony and with a complete understanding of each other's 

 methods and difficulties. 



River driving is still practiced in some parts of the country, but only where 

 the cost of railroad building would be prohibitive on account of the distance from 

 suitable connections. The main arguments against driving the large timber of the 

 Pacific Coast are: First, because of the large percentage of loss (5% to 10%). 

 Second, on account of flooding the market with logs at certain seasons of the 

 year, and many times not being able to take advantage of a good market because 

 it was impossible to get the logs out. Third, the scarcity of good driving streams 



