343 REPORT OP THE FORESTRY COMMITTEE 



for such large timber and the constant litigation involved in the eternal war of 

 rancher and logger over riparian rights. 



Camps cutting for their own mill make a rather close cut of the hemlock, 

 but' camps logging to sell in the open market can only take the highest grade, and 

 then scarcely make the expense of getting it to market. Some of the more pro- 

 gressive interests on Puget Sound have discussed the feasibility of building a 

 cooperative mill to cut nothing but hemlock, and some of the larger logging com- 

 panies will soon come to the point of installing their own mills to use the hem- 

 lock and lower grades of logs. As a matter of fact, when properly treated the 

 hemlock drys out about 40 per cent lighter than fir, which gives it a big advan- 

 tage on rail shipments. When left in the cuttings it falls an easy victim to slash 

 fires and high winds, as it is a species that demands the support of a dense stand 

 of surrounding timber. 



One fact stands out distinctly in this section of the country, and that is the 

 number of strong logging companies selling their logs in the open market. With 

 several very notable exceptions, the strongest organizations of the country are 

 independent logging companies. By the size of their operations and the efficiency 

 of their organizations they are able, in most instances, to sell their logs for a 

 smaller price than the average mill can market their own logs. 



IV. Logging Engineering. 



In the past three or four years logging engineering has become a recognized 

 profession in the Pacific Northwest. 



This has been due primarily to the educational influence of the Pacific Log- 

 ging Congress, and to the very real need for trained men to meet the increasing 

 engineering demands of a modern logging operation. Another important factor 

 in this development has been the excellent work done by the men, who, having 

 the necessary 'basic training, saw the field opened to them and became the 

 pioneers in a profession that is destined to play an important part in the develop- 

 ment of the lumber industry of the 'West. 



At the present writing the lumbermen of the section have taken steps to 

 install a department of Logging Engineering in the University of Washington. 

 British Columbia loggers have taken the same stand, and it will not be long before 

 such courses will be included in the curriculum of every engineering school 

 which draws students from territory where logging is the principal industry. 



The problems presented to the logging engineer require not only a good 

 knowledge of engineering methods, but demand a thorough training in practical 

 logging, forestry, and in the use of high-power machinery. The logging engineer 

 must be an efficiency engineer and a practical logger at the same time, a combina- 

 tion of abilities that rarely is to be found in one man. 



Practically all the larger companies doing railroad logging west of the Cas- 

 cades now employ an engineer more or less continuously, and most of them make 

 him part of their organization. 



