FIFTH NATIONAL CONSERVATION CONGRESS 259 



Education of the Manufacturer 



Although a few lumbering operations, like some mentioned in this report, 

 are models of efficiency, many logging and manufacturing operations still 

 have much to gain through the introduction of better methods, together 

 with more ingenuity in the creation of new markets. Much of this necessary 

 education is being gradually disseminated through the efforts of the lumbermen 

 themselves, by participation in logging congresses, manufacturing associations, 

 anli gatherings like this, whose purpose is the conservation of every resource. 

 Efforts of this character are of a most worthy nature and deserve the utmost 

 support. 



FUTURE WOEK 



IN making this somewhat rambling and fragmentary report, the Committee 

 feels that all it can hope to accomplish at this time is to point out some of 

 the conditions under which close timber utilization is practicable, and to 

 indicate further investigations which may have a real constructive value. 



The lumber industry needs much more exact, comparative information than 

 it now has upon the merchantable products that can be obtained from trees of 

 various kinds and sizes. It is difficult to say to a certainty at what point a tree 

 ceases to be profitable for lumber, and whether it will yield a better return if used 

 for ties, posts or poles, or other products. Moreover, there is a geat lack of 

 knowledge of the relative amounts of the different grades of lumber cut from 

 trees of various sizes. Still further, there is not sufficient information upon the 

 labor costs in the making of many by-products, yet the cost of labor may easily 

 be the chief determining factor as to success or failure. Most important of all, 

 little study has been given to the relation between unrestrained competition in 

 timber exploitation and the waste of forest resources. 



The Committee recommends, therefore, that if its work be continued, the 

 factors affecting forest utilization here suggested be fully presented to succeed- 

 mg congresses through a series of reports which will have practical v^lue for 

 both lumbermen and laymen. 



DISCUSSION ON THE REPORT OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON FOREST 



UTILIZATION 



The Chairman: The subject is before you for discussion, and we would 

 like to hear from different men. 



Mr. J. F. Clark, of Vancouver, B. C. : Mr. Chairman, you might be inter- 

 ested to have a little word from the frontier, as it were, in the matter of utilization. 

 In the mill that I managed four years ago in Vancouver we were manufacturing 

 shingles, and you might be interested to know that ninety-five per cent were 

 number one and five per cent number two, and that we tried to sell the number 

 two for the cost of producing them, without allowing anything for the raw 

 material, because otherwise the raw material would be simply thrown away, and 

 we ended up the season's operation with a storeroom full of number two, which 

 we could not market at all. With normal cutting of cedar shingles from the 

 average product, there should be forty per cent number two, in British Columbia, 



