Here also occurs a creeping species of Lysimachia, together with Lycopods, and 

 other cryptogams, besides Lagenophora mauiensis, which has descended from 

 the bogs above. 



One of the interesting lobelioideous plants is Gyanea atra, a plant of the 

 aspect of Gyanea tritomantha (see Plate VI), to which it is related. The 

 flowers, as the name atra implies, are almost black. The plants are 10 to 15 

 feet tall, and grow either along streambeds shaded by Gunnera petaloidea, or 

 also in dense jungles in mossy forests. In the more open forests grow Gler- 

 montia arborescens, Glermontia grandiflora, and, at an elevation of nearly 5000 

 feet, Glermontia multiflora var. micrantha forma montana f. n. This latter 

 plant is an exceedingly handsome lobelioideous shrub, with most beautiful foliage 

 and bright pink flowers. It grows neither lower nor higher, but is peculiar to 

 about 4800 to 5000 feet elevation. 



The variety micrantha is found, according to Ilillebrand, in Waihee Valley 

 in the bare gravel along the stream, while the species is found in the same valley 

 and also on Oahu, in Wailupe. Another lobelioideous plant, Gyanea macrostegia, 

 resembles G. atra closely, and is found often in its company. Other species of 

 the same genus are found in Waikapu, lao Valley, and above Kaanapali, but 

 more in the lower forest zone. Of trees, the araliaceous Tetraplasandra meiandra 

 var. may be mentioned, which is found at an elevation of 4300 feet. Here also 

 belong the Labiate vines, such as Phyllostegia and Stenogyne, though sparingly 

 represented. 



EAST MAUI — HALEAKALA. 



Haleakala, an extinct crater over 10,000 feet high, makes up the whole of 

 East Maui. Its vegetative covering is indeed of great interest, but has suffered 

 severely the last fifty years, and represents probably an entirely different aspect 

 from what it was before the slopes of Haleakala were given over to the ranch- 

 man and his cattle. The lower forest zone has already been described, and we 

 have to consider now mainly the vegetation between 3000 to 5000 feet on the 

 northern slopes of the mountain, as on the western and partly southern slopes 

 nothing remains to be considered, as the grassy plains have not even a remnant 

 of the once existing forest, except in deep gulches inaccessible to cattle, from 

 which we can judge of what the forest was once composed. 



The western slope of the mountain is not much intersected by gulches, the 

 only one of interest being Waihou gulch. The northern slope, however, is cut 

 into many gorges, such as Waikamoi, Puohaokamoa, and Honomanu. The big- 

 gest, however, in the northern outlet of Haleakala at Keanae, called Koolau gap, 

 while the western outlet is known as Kaupo gap. 



The interesting forest commences at Olinda in the district of Hamakuapoko 

 and up to Ukulele, from which latter place the upper forest zone begins. We 

 find practically the same trees in this district as on West Maui, the most com 

 mon and predominating trees being Gheirodendron gaudichaudii (Olapa), Co- 



67 



