Santalaeeae. 



trunk of over one and a half, and occasionally two, feet in diameter. The bark is 

 black and smooth, the leaves very dark green and glossy, and drupes olive shaped 

 and black, with somewhat fleshy exocarp. It occurs mainly on the rough aa 

 flows intersecting this beautiful country, but can also be found in the Koa forest, 

 where it is very numerous ; many large trees were found dead, undoubtedly due 

 to the dying off of their hosts. Nearly 90% of the trees which formed this once 

 beautiful forest are now dead. 



Santalum Freycinetianum occurs on all the islands. On Lanai it can be found 

 on the extreme eastern end, scattered about on the exposed open grasslands. At 

 Puuwaawaa, North Kona, Hawaii, it grows on the lava fields at 2000 feet and 

 higher up on the slopes of Hualalai large trees can be observed. This species of 

 Santalum has several varieties, found on the various islands. On Lanai and Bast 

 Maui on the southern slopes of Haleakala occurs Hillebrand's var. y. cuiieatum, 

 which differs from the species in its small thick, fleshy, suborbicular leaves, which 

 are slightly cuneate at the base. It is usually a shrub, but to the writer's aston- 

 ishment it grew as a veritable vine, completely covering a species of Sideroxylon. 



At the volcano of Kilauea, Hawaii, elevation 4000 feet, oeciirs another variety 

 called /?. var. latifoliiim Gray. Its leaves are coriaceous pale glaucous underneath 

 and quite broad; the flowers are arranged in numerous panicles which are axil- 

 lary and terminal. It grows plentifully on the cliffs surrounding the main 

 crater, but always as a shrub. 



On Diamond Head crater, the landmark of the Island of Oahu, and in Kailua, 

 Hawaii, as well as at Cape Kaena, Oahu, grows a small much branching shrub, 

 which is another variety called var. e. littorale Hbd., as it grows in the vicinity 

 of the seashore. 



On Lanai on a spur of the main ridge, Lanaihale, the writer found a tree quite 

 distinct from any of the other varieties known. It has the largest leaf of any 

 Santalum known, and also flowers which almost exceed in size those of Santalum 

 pyrularium of Kauai. It is here described as follows: 



Var. Lanaiense var. nov. 



Branches robust, stiff; leaves orbicular in outline, mucronate at the apex, slightly 

 contracting at the base into a petiole of 5 mm, 7 to 10 cm each way, dark green above, 

 bright glaucous underneath with red veins, chartaceous; panicles very small, axillary, 25 

 mm long, flowers two or single on minute pedicels, flowers large, bright red with glaucous 

 hue; perigone 12 mm long, campanulate to cylindrical, the acute lobes a third the length 

 of the tube; anthers as long as the perigone; drupe unknown. 



A medium-sized tree with stiff gnarled branches, growing at an elevation of 

 about 3000 feet in company with Straussia, Bobea, Dubautia, etc. It has the 

 largest leaf in the genus and is almost worthy of specific distinction. Collected 

 in July, 1910. Type in the College of Hawaii Herbarium; co-type in the au- 

 thor's Herbarium no. 10061. 



It may be of interest here to relate the rise and fall of the Sandalwood trade 

 in the Hawaiian Islands. In the year 1778 the attention of the commercial world 

 was first drawn to the existence of Sandalwood in these islands ; a Captain Ken- 



129 



