Santalaceae. 



drick, of a Boston brig, is known to have been the first who left two men on 

 Kauai to contract for several cargoes. Under the able government of Kameha- 

 meha, vast quantities of the wood were exported. The Sandalwood was to these 

 islanders the start in life. From 1790 to 1820 numerous vessels called for this 

 wood, bringing many and various things in exchange, and about 1810 Kameha- 

 meha I. and his people began to accumulate considerable wealth. In one year 

 nearly 400,000 dollars were realized. Under the reign of Liholiho the Sandal- 

 wood began to be exhausted, though in the year 1820 we still hear of 80,000 dol- 

 lars' worth of the wood being paid for the yacht "Cleopatra's Barge," and in 

 1822 of a voyage to Kauai to collect the annual tribute of the wood in that 

 island; though the produce became every day more difficult to procure, and 

 could no longer be demanded in payment of taxes. Finally a substitute was* 

 discovered, the Naio {Myoporum sandwicense A. Gray) or Bastard Sandalwood, 

 though no relation to true Sandalwood; it, however, could not revive the trade. 



Thus came to an end the export of the Ilialii or Laau ala (fragrant wood) as 

 the natives termed the wood. 



For further particulars in regard to Sandalwood trade -in Hawaii, consult J. 

 J. Jarves' History of the Hawaiian Islands. 



Santalum ellipticum Gaud. 

 Iliahi. 



(Plate 44.) 



SANTALUM ELLIPTICUM Gaud. Bot. Voy. Uranie (1826, 1830) 442;— Endl. Fl. Suds. 

 (1836) 940;— DC. Prodr. XIV (1857) 682;— A. Gray Proc. Am. Acad. IV (1860) 

 327; — Mrs. Sinclair Indig. Fl. Haw. Isl. (1885) pi. 34;— Heller, PI. Haw. Isl. 

 (1897) 818. — Santalum Freycinetianum var. e. ellipticum Gray Bot. U. S. E. E. 

 ined;— H. Mann, Proc. Am. Acad. VII (1867) 198;— Hbd. Fl. Haw. Isl. (1888) 

 390;— Del Cast. 111. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pacif. VII (1892) 283. 



Branches slender, more or less drooping; leaves thin chartaceous, elliptical-oblong, 

 reddish, about 17 cm long and 3 cm wide, on slender petioles of 18 mm, acuminate glabrous; 

 panicles in the axils of the upper leaves, rather loose, the flowers on distinct pedicels of 

 2 mm; perigone 8 to 10 mm reddish, the lobes as long as the tube or longer, with long 

 tufts of hair; drupe as in S. Freycinetiawum. 



Santalum elUpticiim or Iliahi is not uncommon on the islands of Kauai and 

 Oahu ; on the latter island trees of this species are very numerous on the eastern 

 end, especially in the valley of Palolo, where they are associated with Acacia Koa 

 (Koa) mainly, which is probably its host. It extends from an elevation of 600 

 feet up to about 1500 feet, at which latter elevation it grows together with Straus- 

 sia Kaduana (Kopiko), Elaeocarpus hifidus {Kalia) and others. It has a short, 

 straight trunk and a rather round crown, formed of slender branches. It is very 

 conspicuous from a distance on account of its reddish tinted foliage. 



The Hawaiian Sandalwood, according to old natives, grows to a height of 

 often 80 feet, with trunks of often three feet in diameter. The older and bigger 

 the tree the more valuable it becomes, as its fragrance increases with age. It is 

 only the very heart wood that is scented, and in small or young trees the roots 

 only are fragrant. 



131 



