TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



INTRODUCTION '"i 



HISTORY OF ZOOLOGY 5 



Development of Systematic Zoology 6 



De\'elopment of Morphology g 



History' of the Theory of Evoldtiok 14 



Theory of the Origin of Species 18 



GENERAL MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY 50 



General Anatomy' 50 



The Morphological Units of the Animal Body 51 



The Tissues of the Animal Bod)' 63 



Epithelial Tissues 64 



Connective Tissues 74 



Muscular Tissues 80 



Nervous Tissues 83 



Summary 87 



The Combination of Tissues into Organs 88 



Vegetative Organs 91 



Organs of Assimilation 91 



Digestive Tract 93 



Respirator}' Organs 96 



Circulatory Apparatus 99 



Excretory Organs 104 



Sexual Organs 107 



Animal Organs no 



Organs of Locomotion no 



Nervous System in 



Sense Organs 114 



Summary 122 



Promorphology 123 



General Embry'Ology 127 



Spontaneous Generation 127 



Generation by Parents 128 



Asexual Reproduction 12S 



Sexual Reproduction 120 



Combined Methods of Reproduction 130 



General Phenomena of Sexual Reproduction 132 



Maturation of the Egg 132 



Fertilization 134 



Cleavage Processes 141 



Heredity 136 



Mendel's Law 13S 



Formation of the Germ La^'ers 145 



Different Forms of Sexual Development 149 



Summary 151 



vii 



