400 



ARTHROron.V 



with a tn 

 The slipc 

 outer. Of 

 in tiiany I 

 bears the 

 the most 

 pcndau'cs 

 parts of t 

 basal pan 

 the subiih 



an.i^ular joint, the cardo (eV whieh is followed by a larger stipes (si). 

 s in turn siqiports two chewini,' lobes, the inner, or hh'iiiui (li), and an 

 i,M/ej (Ic). I'he galea niav either form a .sheath for the laeinia, or, as 

 eetles ^Iil;. 470), it tnav be taeiile and jointed again. The stipes also 

 iiuixUhirv piilpiis (['III), eonsisting of from three to six joints, and is 

 leg-like ]K\n of the appendage. The labium arises as a pair of ap- 

 wiiieh early approaeh eaeh other and fuse behind the mouth. All the 

 he maxilla niav be reeogni.:ed, only it must be remembered that the 

 s of the two sides are fused. The united eardines form an under chin, 

 niiiiii. the stipites a chin or niiiiluin. cleft in (.Irthoptera, a result of 



Fic 



I'lG. 444. Fig. 445. 



444. — Chewing mouth parts of cockroach (Pcripijiiiij orifiildli.-i). The lctlcrin;j 



is the saicio in figs. 444-447. c, canlo; i^I, glossa; // v. h\-popliar\"n\; /, Uihc; h\ //, external 

 and internal lobes of maxilla; ir, lalniuu; 111. iiu-nlum; ml. mandible; iii.y. maxilla; 

 p. pin, maxiliar\' palpus; /Jg, paraglos.sa; /'/, labial ]tLdpiis; sin. subnienlum; 5/, stipes. 

 Fig, 445, — Licking mouth parts of bumble bee (l-ioiiibiis Uiifslris). 



incoin]iletc fusion. This may bear inner and outer processes, the ^'i'.'^.'''''' (.c'l 

 and the /)d;'di,'/e.vi(C (pt;) respectively, and the labial palpus. The »/i;»(//Wc con- 

 sists of merely the ba.sal joint, altered for biting, while the rest of the appendage, 

 common in Crustacea as the mandibular palpus, is lacking. 



The licking mouth ])arts, like those of the bees (^lig. 445), stand next to those 

 already described, there being many transitional stages, Labruiu and mandi- 

 bles retain their primili\e condition, while maxilhu and labium are greatly 

 elongate, are connected at the bases, and can be folded away beneath the head 

 or extended at will. The small submentum is followed by an elongate nientum 

 wdiich liears the unpaired tongue or glossa (t,'/"), which corres]ionds to the fu;'id 

 glosxc (or to the hypopharynx?) of the hrst type and which is used for sucking 



