IV. INSECTA: HEXAPODA, NEUROPTERA 



421 



Order III. Orthoptera. 



Like the Archiptera these are hemimetabolous (a few ametabolous) 



and the mouth parts (fig. 444) are fitted for biting, the mentum cleft. 



On the other hand, the wings have lost the delicate membranous character 



and have become more parchment-lilce, the fore wings being smaller and 



serving as covers for the larger, softer, and folded hind wings, which are 



the organs of flight; the condition in these respects recalls somewhat the 



Coleoptera. The abdomen bears cerci and frequently stylets. In 



internal anatomy the large number of Malpighian tubules is noticeable 



(fig- 449)- 



Sub Order I. CURSORIA. With rather long legs fitted for rapid running. 

 Only cockroaches (Blattid.e) belong here. Wings may be absent, according 

 to species, in either sex; more frequently in females. Blatla* Pcriplaneta.'^ 

 Sub Order II. DERMATOPTERA (Euplexoptera). Front wings short 

 elytra; hind wings folded crosswise and packed beneath them, or rudimentary; 

 cerci developed to a forceps-like structure; Forficula* earwigs. Sub Order 

 III. GRESSORIA. Legs long, slender, adapted to walking. Mantid.e, 

 long prothorax bears a pair of long raptorial feet; praying Mantes. Phasmo- 

 maiitis* PH.4SMiD.5i:, with short prothorax, almost exclusively tropical, Diaphcro- 

 mera* walking stick. This family is noted for mimicry of twigs and leaves 

 (fig. 12). Sub Order IV. SALTATORIA. liinder legs long, strong, and for 

 jumping; other pairs much smaller. Hinder femora large and muscular, 

 tibi;e elongate and spined. Wings usually functional. ;\Iaies produce sound 

 (stridulate) by rubbing the anterior wings together (Locustida;, Gryllicte) or 

 against the legs (Acridiidce). Tympanal apparatus (p. 410) on the anterior 

 tibias (LocustidcB, fig. 451, many Gryllidie) or on first somite of abdomen 

 (fig. 45°) ■ Females readily recognized by the ovipositor. Acridiid^; antennae 

 and ovipositor short; tympani abdominal. Acridiuiu*; M elanoplus* , CEdipoda* 

 L0CUSTID.5:; antenna; long; tympani on first tibis; ovipositor long, flattened. 

 H adencecus ,''' Anabrus ,'''' wingless; Conocephalus*; Cyrtopliilus*' and Micro- 

 centrum* katydids, Gryllid.e, Crickets: antennas long; ovipositor long, 

 cylindrical; tympani on first tibia. Gryllus''; CEcanthus ,'•' tree crickets; Cryllo- 

 ialpa* mole crickets. 



Fig. 467. — Myrmelao formicarius (from Schmarda). i, imago; 2, larva; 3, pupa in 



its cocoon. 



Order IV. Neuroptera. 



The Neuroptera and Archiptera were formerly united, since they have the 

 same wing structure and show in general appearance great similarities. Thus 



