42 S 



ARTHROrODA 



Yet all Rhvnchota may he recognized by the sucking proboscis (fig. 47S'), 

 consistint; of the grooved laluum in which the neeilledil^e mantlililes 



and maxillx play. The wing structures 

 atlord tlie basis of division into three sub 

 orders. 



Sub Order I. IIEMIPTK RA (Heterop- 

 tcra) .\nlcrior wings hcmclytra, i.e., lealh- 

 erv at base, soft and clastic al lip (tig. 479); 

 between the benielvlra is a conspicuous 

 triangular scutelUini (.f) covering more or 

 less of the dorsal surface. Hcmclytra ard 

 scutellum occasionally disa|>pcar. A further 

 characteristic is the presence of stink glands, 

 which open in adults \cntrally on the niela- 

 thora.x; in lar\a^ tlorsally on the abdomen. 

 Accorditn; to haliits families niav be t;rouped 

 into the aquatic HYDROCORES and the 

 terrestrial GEOCORES Of the first the 

 Belostomid.e arc noticeable from their size, 

 Fcljsloiiia oiiicr!i\:iur-' being nearly 22 inches 

 long. Other families are Nepid.e [Raiialra* 

 water scorpion), Xotoxectid.e, Hydro- 

 ^ B.MiD.E, etc. Of the Geocores the Redu- 



.,, ,,,,,,., \'IIP.E, which feed on other insects; Ac.AN- 



Fio. 47^., — Head ot C u'a.ij srfi- , ,, . , , • ■;• 1 1 1 n 



(f„A-r/m, the mouih parts separated ™IID.E (Aau.llua /.v/»„r„:,- l,cd bug)^ 

 (orig.-). a. antenna; ,-, compound LvG.ElD.E, chmch bug, hlhsiiis IciitopUTiis,' 

 eve; /, labium; )iiJ. mandible; «;.v, injurious to grain; and Pl-XT.XTOMID.E, stink 

 maxilla. bui^s, mav be mentioned. Sub Order II. 



HOMOPTERA, \'\"ings, when not degen- 

 erate, similar in texture throughout, although often differing in siz.e. They 

 are either parchment-like or delicate membranes. Erequentlv wax-like sub- 

 stances are secreted from dermal glands and co\"er the su.face like a down. 

 The Crc.-\piD.E, Cicinhi/'' are noticeable from their shrill notes, produced 

 by a dritni on abdomen vibrated bv muscles. Ci'RCOntP.E, (he spittle bug 

 (Aprofilioiur'-') causes dro]is of foam on grass. Idle leaf hoppers, or J.-\ssiri.E, 

 coirtain some injurious forms, Erylhronurj v'ltis''- damaging the grape; the 



Fig. 479. — rmUiloma rufipcs U'l'om Ilajck). 5, scutellum. 



tree hoppers, MEi[BR.\riD.E (fii;. 4S1), are scareelv less injurious. None 

 are such serious pests as plant lice and scale insects. In the Coccid.e, or 

 scale insects, the wingless female dies after laving the eggs and covers them 

 with her dead scale-like bodv. Here belong the cochineal insects, Ciuiiis 

 cacli/' which furnish carmine, the lac insects, and a host of injurious forms, 



