242 



By Mr. Camebon: 



Q. The bark is really as valuable as the tree ? 



A. We consider the bark possesses the value, and the tree, not the 

 timber itself, is worth but very little ; the hemlock timber, what 

 possesses the value, is the bark on the 'tree in our neighborhood. 



By Mr. Adams: 



Q. Going back, the lumbering operations from the borders of the 

 ■wilderness into it by large lumbering establishments and cutting 

 twelve or fifteen trees, and leaving the debris, the tendency to fire is 

 largely increased ? 



A. Yes, sir. 



Q. And the soil is made soil, spruce duff ? 



A. I have heard a great deal of spruce duff, but up to the present 

 time I haven't been able to discover it. > 



Q. The chief soil above the sand and rocks is made from vegetable 

 decomposition, isn't it? 

 , A. There is certainly a vegetable covering of that. 



Q. Some places pretty deep ? 



A. It depends a great deal upon where it is; in some swamps it is, 

 in uplands it is not. 



Q. "When the trees are cut out and the sun is allowed to come in, 

 does not this vegetable decomposition dry up ? 



A. The cutting out of twelve to fifteen trees off an acre doesn't 

 allow a great deal more sun to get in ; my experience has been it 

 does not. 



Q. If the forest is open so that the sun can strike the ground it 

 does dry up ? 



A. I have been able to find no perceptible change where the timber 

 had been cut off, as I say the soft wood — 



By Mr. Cameron : , 



Q. How many markets does it take to make 1,000 feet of lumber ? 



A. Now, you are asking me a question it is very difficult for me to 

 say; we measure on our side of the woods per thousand feet by 

 Scribner or Doyle's rule ; on the east side of the woods they go by 

 markets; markets I know very little about ; it is generally conceded 

 it takes five markets and something for 1,000 feet ; a market is a nine- 

 teen-inch log — 190 odd feet — and it takes a little over five for 1,000 

 feet. 



Q. You call a. j;wenty-seyen-inch log two markets ? A. Yes, sir. 



