THE COUNTRY HOME [CHAPTER 
efficient by stirring in one pound of whale-oil soap 
to every fifty gallons. 
These formule will be very helpful, and abso- 
lutely essential to beginners, but there will be, I 
assure you, room enough for the application of in- 
dividual judgment and experimentation. Every 
orchard offers conditions that modify treatment; so 
does each year —1902 held through the whole 
summer an excess of moisture, and, as a result, 
lime was absorbed by the atmosphere, and the or- 
dinary mixtures for spraying that are generally 
safe burned the trees. Immense damage was done 
throughout the whole apple belt, but especially in 
New York State. Under similar conditions more 
lime must be added to your formule. It has been 
found by our best horticulturists that not one of the 
remedies or preventives suggested will work with 
precisely the same results in all orchards. The age 
and the vigor of trees must be considered. In a 
young orchard scales and aphid have so much 
nourishment that not one young one fails to thrive. 
In this case spraying will have to be repeated more 
frequently than in an old orchard, where a large 
proportion of the insects fail at birth. 
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