(11) 
ant North American lichen, which Nylander attributes also to Peru, is, to 
trust to a single fragment in the collection made by Mr. Wright, a native 
as well of Japan.——C. chrysantha, Tuckerm., is another species, common 
to North America (where it is only known in the western arctic regions) 
and arctic Asia; but first found in fruit in Japan.m—And if the writer (Obs. 
Lich. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. 5, p. 398) has not erred in his recognition 
of Dill. Musc. t. 82, f. 4, the curious C. Richardsonti, Hook., is yet another 
Asiatic lichen, having been collected in Siberia, and sent to Dillenius by 
J. Ammann. 
V.—EVERNIA, Ach., Mann. 
Mann. Lich. Bohem. Mass. Mem. p. 60. Koerb. Syst. p. 41. Anz. Catal. 
p.19. Th. Fr. Gen. p. 52. Stizenb. Beitr. 1.c. p. 176. Evernia et Bor- 
rere sp., Ach. L. U. pp. 84, 93; Syn. pp. 220, 244. Evernis spp., Eschw. 
Syst. p.23. Evernie spp., Fr. L. E. p.19. Tuckerm. Syn. N. Eng. p. 9. 
Parmeliz sect., Mey. Entwick. p.335. Wallr. Germ. pp. 490,526. Scheer. 
Spicil. p. 485. Cornicularic sp., et Physciee spp., Scheer. Enum. pp. 4, 9. 
Evernia et Chlorez spp., Nyl. Syn. 1, pp. 274, 283, t. 8, f.13, 22. Evernia 
(max. p.) Schwend. Untersuch. 1. c. 2, p. 157, t. 4, f. 13-15, t. 5, f. 1-6. 
Apothecia scutelleformia concava subinde dilatata cyathiformia, 
disco thallo discolore. Spore subellipsoidez, simplices, incolores. 
Spermatia oblonga 1. bacillaria, apicem versus alterum 1. utrumque 
fusiformi-incrassata, vel cylindrica; sterigmatibus pauci-articulatis. 
Thallus fruticulosus dein pendulus, angulatus vel foliaceo-compressus, 
mollis, medulla stuppea, rarissime (quoad nostras) passim indurata. 
However closely approached by some aberrant Parmelieine types, as 
Parmelia Camtschadalis (Ach.) Eschw., and Everniopsis, Nyl., the posi- 
tion of the former of which, at least, is put quite beyond doubt by the 
similar lobation observable in our P. perforata, v. cetrata, Nyl., there can 
be no question that the four lichens which make up Evernia, as now gen- 
erally understood, are genuine members of the Usneei; and in closest 
relation to Cetraria, Dactylina, and Ramalina, on the one hand, as to 
Usnea, on the other. Platysma everniellum, Nyl. (Hook. et Thoms. Herb. 
Ind. Or. n. 2062. Evernia Stracheyi, Babingt.) may be said perhaps to 
be still in question between Cetraria and Evernia. And E. vulpina must 
be admitted to mediate, as well in general habit as in an important detail 
of thalline structure, between the other northern species and Usnea. 
The induration of the medulla, upon which character, first fully indi- 
cated by Tulasne (Mém. p. 27) Nylander separates E. vulpina as the type 
of his Chlorea, is yet sufficiently imperfect and irregular in that species; 
but assumes a much greater regularity in some of the lichens associated 
by him with it. These lichens are for the most part only imperfectly 
known; but may be said, as respects at least four out of five of them, to 
