(31 ) 
simple, a little brownish, 0.007—12™- long, and 0.005—7™™. wide.—— 
U. murina, DC., is perhaps represented by a lichen of Alpine county, 
California (Dr. Lapham) but the specimens are infertile ——The spores 
of U. angulata, Tuck. Syn. N. Eng. (Coast of California, Menzies; Ob- 
servatory Inlet, Northwest coast, Herb. Hook.) are, so far as I have seen 
them, simple, scarcely a little blackening, and measuring, in the first- 
named specimens, 0.012 —20™™ long, and 0.007—10™- wide; and, in 
the others, 0.016 —23™™ long, and 0.007 —11™™. wide. In a lichen (U. 
Semitensis, Tuckerm. in Jitt.) from rocks (of from 7 to 8000 ft. elevation) 
in the Yosemite Valley (Mr. Bolander) which scarcely differs externally 
but in its smaller size from U. angulata, the spores are however typically 
muriform, offering at length seven to eight transverse series of spore-cells, 
and measuring 0.023 — 30" long, and 0.011 —16™ wide. These spores 
have only been seen colourless. The younger ones occur simple, and 
bi-tri-quadrilocular; or in all the stages of evolution of this kind of 
spore, which precede the last——U. Pennsylvanica, Hoffm., proves to be 
also an inhabitant of the Ural Mountains (Nyl. Scand. p. 113) and was 
collected on ‘mountain tops’ in Japan, by Mr. Wright. And the same 
lichen, in inferior condition, without perfect fruit, is given, if I do not 
mistake, in Hooker and Thomson’s Himalaya collection (n. 2099). 
Fam. 4.—PELTIGEREI. 
Thallus plano-adscendens, frondoso-foliaceus, coriaceo-membrana- 
ceus, subtus villosus, venis cyphellisve sepius variegatus. Stra- 
tum gonimicum indolis varie: e gonidiis aut viridibus (solitis) aut 
ceerulescentibus (collogonidiis) constans. 
That Sticta is properly referable to the family before us was assumed 
by the writer (Lich. Calif. p. 16) from the general concurrence of charac- 
ters; the second paper of Professor Schwendener (Laub- und Gallert- 
flechten) being then unknown to him. But the argument of this paper, 
from the here especially significant structure of the thallus, leaves it 
quite beyond question that the affinity of Sticta to Parmelia (and the 
Purmeliei) is really remote, compared with its affinity to Nephroma. 
Almost the whole of the lichens referable here is grouped at one of 
the extremes; the analogical centre of the tribe being only represented, 
if at all, in this family, by the small cluster of tropical forms (looking not 
doubtfully towards Pannaria) which constitutes Erioderma. Nor is this 
the only curious feature of the Peltigerei. Though the close affinity of 
Sticta to Nephroma is scarcely to be questioned, or of the latter to Pelti- 
gerd, and the at length plainly acicular and colourless spores of the last 
