* (35 ) 
has since occurred, also on rocks, at New Bedford, and on trunks in Mt. 
Desert (H. Willey) as well as in California (H. N. Bolander) and Vancou- 
ver’s Island (Dr. Lyall) but the specimens are all infertile. ‘What 
really constituted S. sylvatica with Muhlenberg and Halsey is doubtful, 
neither of these writers having recognized the nearly akin S. quercizans, 
Ach.; but a lichen from the Catskill mountains (C. H. Peck) scarcely 
differs from the European species.——S. linita, Ach., was recognized as 
occurring in the United States by Delise (1. c¢.) and Dr. Nylander (Syn. 
p. 353) speaks of a state from Arctic America. Specimens are before me 
from Kotzebue’s Sound (Herb. Church. Babingt.) and others from Behr- 
ing’s Straits (Mr. Wright) which may well be referable here, and I have 
also gathered a similar lichen (both on rocks and trunks) in the White 
Mountains, looking quite as distinct from S. pulmonaria as does Scherer’s 
n. 385, but the species is a doubtful one, and my American specimens are 
without fruit. , 
XV.—NEPHROMA, Ach. 
Ach. L. U. p. 101; Syn. p. 241. Fr. Fl. Scan. p. 258. Mont. Apercu 
Morph. p. 11. Tuckerm. Syn. N. Eng. p. 18. Scher. Enum. p. 17. 
Norm. Con. p: 13. Tul. Mém. Lich. pp. 18, 177, t. 9, f. 18-23. Mass. 
Mem. p. 23, t. 2, f. 10-12. Koerb. Syst. p. 54. Th. Fr. Gen. p. 54. 
Stizenb. Beitr. 1. c. p. 165. Schwend. Untersuch. 1. c. 3, p. 173, t. 9, f. 8. 
Peltigere 1. Peltidex sect., Hoffm. Ach. Meth. DC. Mey. Entwick. p. 
336. Fr. 8.0. V. p. 240; L. E. p. 41. Scher. Spicil. p. 263. Nephro- 
ma et Nephromium, Nyl. Syn. 1, p. 316, t. 1, f 18, t. 8, f. 36-7; Lich. 
Scand. p. 86. 
Apothecia reniformia, thalli lobis productis postice innata, mar- 
gine subintegro disparente. Spore subfusiformes, quadriloculares, 
fuscescentes. Spermatia oblonga, apice utroque incrassata; sterig- 
matibus multi-articulatis. Thallus frondosus, subtus villosus nec 
venosus. Stratum gonimicum e gonidiis solitis aut collogonidiis 
constitutum. 
Margin of the apothecia commonly obscure, and the fruit is in fact 
described as immarginate by several recent writers. Eschweiler (Lich. 
Bras.) must also be cited as denying, and to the whole of the Peltigerei, 
as he understood the group (Peltigera, Fr.) any other than a proper exci- 
ple; and Stizenberger (1. c.) who follows him in this, goes so far as to 
reject even analogy with the Parmeliaceous apothecium. But the whole 
argument for analogy is not so easily disposed of. Nephroma is not only, 
as respects its thallus, immediately contiguous to Sticta, but its apothecia, 
1 Now referred by Nylander, in the later edition of his Lichens of New Gra- 
nada, and with reason, so far as appears, to the South American S. erosa (Eschw. 
sub Parmelia). 
