(47) 
XIX.—PANNARIA, Delis., emend. 
Delis. in Dict. Class., cit. Dub. Bot. Gall. pp. 606, 655, et Endocarpi sp., 
p. 594, Parmelia sect. 2, Fr. L. E. p. 86 (spp. excl., et addita P. eleina, 
et Endocarpi sp.). Tuckerm. Syn. N. Eng. p. 35. Parmeliz, Colle- 
matis, Lecanore et Lecidex spp., Ach. L. U.; et Syn. Pannaria, 
et Parmelie, Collematis, Lecanore, Patellarie spp., et Endocarpi sp., 
Dub. Bot. Gall. Parmelix sect., Collematis sp., Coccocarpia, et Endo- 
carpi sp., Mont. in Ann.; Syll. Trachyderma, Norm. Con. p. 17. 
Pannaria, Coccocarpia, Racoblenna, Lecothecium, Collolechia, Toninize 
sp., et Endocarpi sp., Mass. Ric. pp. 109, 139; Mem. p. 54; Geneac, 
p.7; Symm. pp. 55,75. Psoroma, Amphilomatis sp., Pannaria, Cocco- 
carpia, Pterygium, et Endocarpi sp., Nyl. Enum. Gén.; Syn. 1, p. 92, 
t.2, f. 11-15; Lich. Scand. pp. 25, 121; etin Ann. Pannaria, Massa- 
longia, Lecothecium, Collolechia, Pterygium, Wilmsia, et Endocarpi 
sp., Koerb. Syst. pp. 101, 105, 397; Parerg. pp. 45, 403. Pannaria, 
Coccocarpia, Massalongia, Racoblenna, et Pterygium, Stizenb. Beitr. 
pp. 142, 172. Structuram exposuerunt Tulasne, M¢ém. Lich. pp. 22, 
148; Schwendener, Untersuch. 1. c. 3, pp. 186, 190, t. 10, f. 7, 11, et 4, 
p. 161, t. 23, f. 10-13. 
Apothecia sub-scutelleeformia, 1. lecanorina, 1. zeorina, 1. dein 
pseudo-biatorina. Spore ovoideo-ellipsoidece vel oblonge, 1. simpli- 
ces ]. rarius bi-quadriloculares 1. rarissime muriformi-pluriloculares, 
fuscescentes aut seepinus decolores. Spermatia (qu. cogn.) oblonga; 
sterigmatibus multi-articulatis. Thallus subfoliaceus e monophyllo 
laciniato-multifidus squamulosusve, subinde erustaceo-compactus. 
Stratum gonimicum e gonidiis, aut ssepius collogonidiis constans. 
It is the secret of all systematic study, says Fries, adequately to 
apprehend the distinction between close affinity and superficial, or subtile 
differences.!. The latter are to be worked out, and their secret extorted ; 
but the interest of the investigation should not be permitted to blind us 
to the probably greater weight of the former. To Delise is due the 
eredit of first indicating, in Pannaria plambca, ctc., P. muscorum, and 
P. microphylla (including, it should seem, P. tryptophylla) the outlines of 
the group before us; and to Fries (ZL. E. exc. excip.) for a clearer concep- 
tion of its idea. But this idea could only come to its rights by the expli- 
cation of all that was, in fact, involved in it; and, through such process 
1+ Possunt sane v. ¢c.asci . . vel unicam aut plures ineludere sporas in cete- 
rum maxime affinibus, quos morphosi et metamorphosi congruis e tam subtilibus 
differentiis in diversas familias haud transferamus. Mysterium vero omnis system- 
atict studii est rite perciperc, magnam esse differcntiam inter intimam afinitatem 
et externos vel subtilissimos characteres . . Divinum . . effatum Lin- 
neanum : genus dabit characterem, nee character genus, adhue magis valet de 
familiis plantarum,” ete. Fr. Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 264. 
