(51) 
not, however, known to occur with pseudo-biatorine fruit. LP. lepidiota 
has been found in Greenland (Vahl, in Th. Fr. 1. ¢.) and in California 
(Bolander). The spores in this, as in P. mescorum, P. cyanolepra, and 
some other species (Koerb. Syst. p. 107) offer some indications of colour ; 
not unlike those observable in the similar spores of Erioderma.— P. 
Bolanderi, Tuckerm. (infra descr... Rocks, Ukiah, California (Bolander). 
Perhaps rather associable, as respects the thallus, with the species inme- 
diately preceding, but very strongly differenced, as well by the polyspo- 
rous thekes, —a new character in the present genus, —as by the Collemeine 
habit of the apothecia, which recede in this direction much as those of 
P. elcina (Wabl.) Nyl., are described as doing in another; and are really 
not very much unlike the most mature ones of Mass. Lich. Ital. n. 174 
(Thyrea Notarisii, Mass.).—— With the Californian Pannaria just reck- 
oned, before us, it is impossible, in the light afforded by Baglietto’s recent 
determination of Endocarpon Gucpini as a Parmeliaceous lichen,? not to 
see that the latter is really the nearest relative of the former; and, with 
all who do not allow other than subordinate weight to the polysporous 
anomaly, must fall also into Pannaria. As respects the thallus, P. 
Guepini (Delis.) (occurring as yet, here, only at Needham, Mass., and on 
the Maryland shore opposite Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, Myself; and on the 
coast of California, Mr. Bolander) differs from P. Bolanderi as a mono- 
phyllous from a polyphyllous, imbricate species—or somewhat as P. 
eleina (as described) from P. Hookeri. In the fruit, however, as perhaps 
much the most commonly exhibited, this difference is more marked. It 
was always difficult, in the large number of specimens of our P. Guepini 
before me, to trace any external indications of apothecia. Nor were 
certain minute but regular cavities occurring now and then in the upper 
surface of the thallus, supposed to relate at all to the fructification. But, 
seen in section, under the guidance of the Italian lichenologist, these 
cavities prove to contain, each a sunken Parmeliaceous hymenium; and 
1 Punnaria Bolanderi (sp. nov.) thallo squamoso imbriecato coriaceo-membra_ 
nacco olivacco-fusco, lobis crenatis margine dein elevatis cesio-pulverulentis, subtis 
carneis nudis ; apothectis innato-sessilibus lecanorinis, disco rufo margine erecto 
tumidulo integerrimo. Spore in theeis polysporis numerose (35-60) simplices, 
incolores, longit. 0,004™™- —0,007™™- crassit. circa 0,0038"™- Rocks (metamorphic 
sandstone) coast of California (Bolander). Squamules of the specimens 3—4m™~ 
in the longest diameter, and smaller ; forming smallish, now closely, and now more 
loosely imbricated clumps. There is something in the aspect of the squamules 
which reminds one of the most developed portions of the thallus of P. lepidiota ; 
and the anatomical structure is not dissimilar in the two lichens, except that the 
collogonidia, occurring in clusters of two to four, and these clusters measuring at 
length 0,027™™- by 0,023™™. are larger in the present. Texture of P. Bolanderi, 
like that of P. Guepini, largely parenchymatous. With iodine the hymenium 
assumes a dull bluish tint, passing into a dirty brownish yellow. 
2 Baglietto in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2, p. 171, cit. Leighton, Not. Lich. nu. 38, 
in Ann, Nat. Hist., Sept. 1870. 
