(52 ) 
to constitute therefore, the ‘urceolate’ stage of the fruit, as described by 
him. So much being gained, it were readily conceivable that the sunken 
hymenium should become finally superficial, and acquire therewith a 
thalline border: and this stage, which completes the history, though not 
observed as yet in the American plant, and probably always rare, is fully 
described in the European. Considered as a section of Pannaria, Endo- 
carpiscum, Nyl., offers the earliest, allowable designation of these poly- 
sporous species, and is singularly appropriate ; the other names proposed 
(Guepinia, Hepp; Guepinella, Bagl.) being, moreover, at once seen to 
conflict (in making it, so to say, necessary to provide a new specific name 
for the oldest species) with one of the best settled rules of nomenclature. 
With this section, or sub-section, we conclude our present list of North 
American lichens referable to what might altogether or with some few 
possible exceptions, be called Pannaria proper. It may yet be added 
that P. pholidota (Mont.) Nyl. an elegant, Lecanora-like, squamulose 
species of the island of Juan Fernandez, is also an inhabitant of Mexico 
(Nyl.). 
Though scarcely well distinguishable in structure from the preceding 
section, the much smaller one now to be considered (Coccocarpia, Nyl.) is 
yet marked to a certain extent, by habit; and by its constantly pseudo- 
biatorine fruit. Of this section, the Chilian P. Gayana (Mont.) is unknown 
as yet as North American; and even P. plumbea (Lightf.) Del., though 
found throughout the extent of Europe, from the Lofoden Islands to Port- 
ugal, is deficient here. But the lichen last named passes, especially south- 
ward, as was first observed by Nylander, into states (Delis. Lich. de Fr. 
n. 4. Welwitsch Crypt. Lusit.) very closely comparable with P. molybdea 
(Coccocarpia, Pers., & Auctt. C. parmelioides (Hook.) Tuckerm. in Lich. 
Cub. n. 104-107) and the latter, unknown in Europe, occurs, in one or 
other of its forms, throughout the United States. The apothecia of this 
species, though otherwise interpreted by even such observers as Montagne, 
and Tulasne, offer in fact, in their earlier recognizable conditions, no 
appreciable differences from similarly immature ones of P. plumbea; and 
the symphicarpeous state into which they finally pass, is of course noth- 
ing against their relation to Pannaria. The (proper) margin, however 
commonly excluded, is not structurally deficient; it is often to be detected 
in tropical forms of the species, and occurs in North American specimens 
of the v. cronia, Nyl. (Alabama, T. M. Peters) with all the regularity, and 
indeed all the features of that of the analogous European lichen. Iam 
inclined, after an examination of some extent, to regard the spores of P. mo- 
lybdeaas typically bilocular, and as affording therefore another difference to 
separate the present group (Coccocarpia) from the preceding ; but authors 
are by no means agreed upon this minute point of structure.1—— P. stel- 
'“ Costantemente omogenci, uniloculari, ¢ solo per aceidente vidi qualche Spo- 
ridio con una linea irregolare trasversale, piuttosto dovuta alla non completa 
