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gonimous, layer, is in fact traceable, in the form of slender filaments, to the 
youngest extremities; and that all this is characteristical generally, not 
of Ephebe alone, but of every member of the little group we have been 
considering. 
Authors have reckoned three species of Ephebe; two of them peculiar 
to North America, and the other common to us and Europe. The last 
(E. pubescens) is very frequent in New England, ascending to alpine dis- 
tricts, and offering there, on moist rocks, its best-developed conditions ; 
and it follows the mountains southward to Alabama (Mr. Peters). Ac- 
cording to Bornet, the ‘siliquose swellings, marked by tubercles, to each 
of which corresponds an immersed exciple,’ and of which swellings ‘ there 
are never more than one or two in a tuft,’ are not produced where the 
plant grows in very wet places; they have not occurred to me at all. 
Spermogones less rare, and though smaller, these are not unlike the apo- 
thecia of the next species.——Z#. solida, Born, described from specimens 
collected in the Blue Ridge (Lesquereux) and contrasting with the former 
in its less-developed thallus, and no less in its common and abundant 
fructification, has also been found in Vermont (Mr. Frost) and Massachu- 
setts (Mr. Willey)——The third, FE. Lesquereucxii, Born., named from 
sterile specimens collected by the eminent bryologist whose name it bears, 
in the mountains of Alabama, no longer exists in his herbarium; and is 
quite unknown in this country. : 
Norte. — In his latest researches ( Untersuch. 1. c. 4, p. 161) published since the 
manuscript of this work was prepared, Schwendener separates Lecothecium ete., 
and Lichina, which he had earlier (1. v. 3, p. 152) included in his Pannariucee, 
and constitutes of them a new group (Raccoblennacec) intermediate, together with 
the next following (Ephebacece) between Pannariacee and Collemacee. It illus- 
trates the difficulties of an arrangement from an exclusively anatomical point of 
view, — difficulties sufficiently observable in Hagenia, in the author's first part, and, 
especially in Anaptychia, in his second,— that Ephebacce, as here taken, is made 
to include as well the too discrepant Cewnogonium. In habit however, as well as 
in ultimate structure Ephebe has some apparent claims to an association with 
Lichina; and if the higher thalline constitution of the latter look away from 
Collemei, it is hazarding little to say that its whole habit favours, not a Pannarieine 
but a Collemeine affinity. 
XXI.—LICHINA, Ag., Mont. 
Agardh Syst. Alg. p. 274. Fr.8.0.V. p. 300; Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 121. 
Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 21, t.6. Hook. Brit. Fl. 2, p. 270. Mont. in Ann. 
2,15, p. 150, t.15. Tul. \fém. sur les Lich. p. 83, 187, t. 9, f. 1-6, t. 10, 
f, 12-18. Koerb. Syst. p. 429; Parerg. p. 444. Nyl. Syn. 1, p. 91, t.2, 
f.16; Lich. Scand. p. 24. Schwend. Untersuch. 1. ¢. 2, p. 175, t. 7, 
f. 12-14; 3, p. 152. Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. p. 288. Stizenb. Beitr. 1. ¢. 
p. 140. De Bary Morph. et Phys. d. Pilze, etc., p. 267. Lichenis sp., 
Mich. Nov. Pl. Gen. p. 103. Ach. Prodr. p. 208. Sm. E. Bot. t. 2575. 
