(115 ) 
know not how to regard this series of slight gradations, which no one\ 
reckons of other than subordinate account in the Peltigerei, as of any | 
higher (representing as it does only the gradual completion of the type | 
of spore) in Lecanora or Biatora. Leeania is, in fact, as respects the 
spore-type, to Ophioparma, Norm. (Hematomma, Mass., & Auctt.) pre- 
cisely as Biatora spheroides to B. rubella; and (taking into account the 
near relation of the fusiform peltigerine spore to the more dactyloid, as 
expressed into some Nephromas) scarcely otherwise than as Peltigera 
venosa to P. horizontalis, and P. canina; or again as Sticta pulmonaria 
to S. amplissima. 
This group is very largely northern. Of the seventy odd best distin- 
guished forms referable to it, less than a third is known as yet as North 
American; but we possess quite two thirds, and with little doubt more, 
of the European ones. 
The right extreme of the section Hzlecanora, as here taken, is occu- 
pied by the cluster represented by L. pallescens (Ochrolechia Massal.) dis- 
tinguished by its large spores, and not without other features pointing 
towards Pertusaria ; with which genus it is in the line of direct analogy. 
Following this is Z. atra, and its few near allies, passing imperceptibly 
into the larger group typified by L. subfwsca ; which finds its complement 
in that distinguished by the elegant ZL. ventosa (Ophioparma, Norm.). 
The central cluster of species is with little doubt that represented by L. 
subfusca; and this universal lichen may perhaps well be taken for the 
centre of the whole section. Continuous as this cluster is (as compare 
Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 157) with Squamaria, so that nothing in short but 
the overbearing predominance of higher thalline development excuses 
the separation of the latter from it, we can hardly wonder if it include 
approaches to squamarisform and even fruticulose overgrowths. Nor are 
such, as will be seen, wanting. 
L. frustulosa (Dicks.) Ach., has occurred in Greenland (J. Vahl in 
Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. p. 108) and in Vermont (Mr. Frost).—— L. Cenisia, 
Ach., was found by the same botanists, in the same regions ; and in Cali- 
fornia, by Mr. Bolander.——L. Hageni, Ach. (L. subfusca, v. wumbrina, 
Nyl.) is generally taken for distinguishable from L. subfusca ; and has 
occurred in Greenland (J. Vahl, fide Th. Fr. 1. c.) and, rather sparingly, 
on dead wood, old brick, and rocks, from Canada (Mr. A. T. Drummond) 
to Pennsylvania (Dr. E. Michener) and the Rocky Mountains. —— Very 
close to the last is Z. Sambuci (Pers.) Nyl., detected, on Elm and Poplar 
bark, in Massachusetts, by Mr. Willey. ——Of the brown series, L. 
pheobola, Tuckerm.,! a native of Conifere in California, offers an example 
1 Lecanora phaobola (sp. nova) thallo crustaceo papillato-verrucoso olivaceo- 
fusco, verrucis minutis mox turbinatis levigatis ; apotheciis (1-1,5™™- lat.) subses- 
silibus rufo-fuscis, disco nitido turgescente, margine thallino excluso. Hypothecium 
incolor. Spore fusiformi-ellipsoidece, simplices, incolores, longit. 0,009-15,™™., 
