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in several respects curious; but two fine rock-lichens of the extreme 
north of Europe —L. poliophea and L. aipospila, are as yet unknown to 
this continent. Each of these last named European species shews indi- 
cations of thalline overgrowth, as well centripetal as centrifugal; the 
former or fruticulose luxuriance is marked however very much more 
strongly in the Californian lichens above separated to form our first sec- 
tion: and these, it is not to be doubted, relate really to LZ. varia not a 
little as L. aipospila to L. subfusea.——The remarkably incrassated, 
areolate-plicate L. pingwis, Tuck. Obs. Lich. 1. ¢. 6, p. 268, another of Mr. 
Bolander’s important Californian discoveries, belongs also to, and consti- 
tutes an all but effigurate exaltation of, the group represented by L. 
raria; which, in this, as other ways, may be said to touch at length, if 
not to include, the finally peltate ZL. rubina.—L. atrosulphurea 
(Wahl.) Ach., was found in Greenland by Vahl (Th. Fr. 1. c.). 
L. Brunonis, Tuckerm.,! a rupicoline species, which has occurred 
only on the coast of California (Mfr. Bolander) has, in its best forms, 
much the aspect of a Pannaria, not remote from P. microphylla: it ap- 
pears yet to be referable, by internal, thalline structure, and by that of 
the spermogones, to the stock of L. subfusca in Eulecanora. Though 
otherwise sufficiently diverse from LZ. aipospila, this lichen agrees with 
the northern one in its bilocular spores. L. athroocarpa, Duby, Nyl. 
Prodr. p. 88, & Lich. Scand. p. 168 (Lecania fuscella, Massal.) resembling 
a minute state of L. subfusca, but differing in its finally quadrilocular 
spores in pleio-sporous sporesacks, has been found as yet only (on Sarco- 
batus, accompanied by LZ. Hageni) at Deer Creek on the North Platte 
(Dr. Hayden) at San Diego, California, on shrubs (Dr. J. G. Cooper) and, 
on Birch, at New Bedford, by Mr. Willey. 
Of the group represented by L. ventosa (Ophioparma, Norm. Lepadol- 
emma, Trev. Hematomma, Mass.) L. hematonma is quite unknown to 
me as North American, but it occurs within the confines of the region of 
Norway embraced in the Lichenes Arctoi of Dr. Th. Fries; and ‘ Amer.’ 
crassit, 0,003-5™-; naraphysibus conglutinatis. —— Bark of Libocedrus and Abies, 
California (H. N. Bolander). Spermogones black. Spermatia staff-shaped, on 
simple sterigmas. Thalline border of the apothecia soon disappearing ; and the 
aspect of these (scanty) specimens is quite that of Biatora. Spores resembling 
those of Lecanora badia. The reaction with iodine is blue. 
1 Leeanora Brunonis (sp. nova) thallo ex areolis minutis glebulosis subinde 
confluentibus squamiformibus imbricatis cervino-fuscescentibus ; apotheciis (circa 
1mm. Jat.) sessilibus, disco rufo-fusco nigricante submarginato mox turgido mar- 
ginemque thallinum integrum excludente. Spore octone, ellipsoidee |. oblongo- 
ellipsoidece, biloculares, incolores, longit. 0,011-18™™-, crassit. 0,004-7™™- 
Sandstone, and serpentine rocks, San Bruno mountains, and Oakland hills, Cali- 
fornia (H. N. Bolander). Spermatia acicular, bowed; sterigmas simple. With 
the abundant, true gonidia, scattered collogonidia sometimes appear (under the 
microscope) which I take to be alien. 
