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Biatorine spp., et Sagiolechia, Mass. opp. varr. Koerb. Syst.; Parerg. 
Gyalecta, Patellaria pr. p., et Biatoree spp., Naeg. et Hepp in Hepp 
Flecht. Eur. t. 1, &c. Lecidez sect. 1, a4, B max. p., C. sp., et sect. 2, 
k, sp., Nyl. Lich. Scand. pp. 108, 207, 240. Gyalecta, Petractis, Pachy- 
phiale, Biatorinz spp., Sagiolechia, et Rhexophiale, Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. ; 
Gen. Gyalecta, Secoliga max p., Ramonia, et Lecaniz sect., Stizenb. 
Beitr. Gyalecta, Lecanie sect., et Patellariz spp., Mill. Principes de 
Classif. 
Apothecia urceolato-biatorina, margine subcrenulato; excipulo 
proprio colorato (rarius nigro) connivente, 1. dein explanato, a thal- 
lino lecanorino 1. incompleto plus minus marginato. Spore ex 
ovoideo-ellipsoideo fusiformes vel aciculares, bi-quadri-plurilocu- 
lares, loculis rarius irregulariter 1. nunc muriformi-divisis. Thallus 
crustaceus, uniformis. 
G. rubra (Hofim.) Mass., is an undoubted lecanorine lichen, the affin- 
ity of which to G. carneo-lutea was indicated by Turner (Linn. Trans. 9, 
p. 145) and allowed by Fries, —and to G. exanthematica (which Turner 
had also intimated) as well as to G. foveolaris, &c., by Massalongo (Ric. 
p. 146). The last-named species has been especially illustrated by Dr. 
Th. Fries (Lich. Arct. p. 138) and his excellent specimens leave little 
reason to question the correctness of his conclusion that there is no real 
difference in type between it and G. rubra. Neither of these well-marked 
species has yet been detected in North America. Nor have any of the 
interesting forms inhabiting calcareous rocks in Europe, excepting only 
G. cupularis, occurred here, where the calcareous Lichen-flora has yet to 
be explored: and we possess therefore no fully sufficient means of reach- 
ing an opinion on the position of G. epulotica, Ach., and G. Prevostii, Fr., 
which Nylander continues to refer to his (section) Gyalecta, but Koerber, 
and others, to the Eulecanoreine Aspicilia and Hymenelia; with the 
former of which last-named groups the graniticoline G. odora, Ach., is 
perhaps with less difficulty associable. It appears still likely that species 
occur with constantly simple spores; and such (as, for instance G. epu- 
lotica and G. Prevostii) may well approach conditions of Lecanora sect. 
Aspicilia, or express better (as Pinacisca similis, Mass.) the Gyalectine 
type. 
The bilocular gradation is sufficiently well expressed in G. Valenzue- 
liana (Mont.) Tuckerm. (G. asteria, Tuck. Obs. Lich., and in Wright 
Lich, Cub. n. 173) and less satisfactorily in the biatoroid G. lutea (Dicks.) 
and G. Pineti (Schrad.). The remaining species, for the most part, 
exhibit the oblong or fusiform type, becoming acicular in G. acicularis, 
Anz., as in G. cornea (Biat. carneola, Fr.) and also appear fully referable 
to the colourless series. From this however the ultimate internal struc- 
ture of the (equally colourless) spores of G. cupularis, G. abstrusa, and 
