(145 ) 
in herb. Sonder) which is placed by Nylander under Siphula; but is much 
more evidently related to the present genus.* 
XXXVIII.—PILOPHORUS, Th. Fr. 
Th. Fr. De Ster. et Piloph. Comment. (1857) p. 40; Monogr. Ster. & 
Piloph. p. 68, t. 4, f.2-4. Cenomycis sp., Ach. L. U. p. 567; Syn. p. 
275. Cladonie sp., Fr. L. E. p. 242. Stereocaulon sect. Pilophoron, 
Tuckerm. Syn. N. Eng. p. 46. Pilophoron, Tuckerm. Suppl. 1, 1. c. p. 
426 (May, 1858). Nyl. Syn. 1, p. 228, t. 7, f. 4,5, 6. Stizenb. Beitr. 
l. c. p. 166. 
Apothecia cephaloidea, solida. Spore ellipsoidez, simplices, incol- 
ores. Spermatia bacillaria; sterigmatibus subsimplicibus. Thallus 
verticalis subsimplex, primitus solidus granulatus (podetia) hori- 
zontali granuloso-squamuloso. 
The cephalodia associate this type with Stereocaulon, as does the 
whole aspect of the New England lichen (P. fibula) but the spores with 
Cladonia ; and the form first observed (P. acicularis Ach.) is not ill- 
comparable with certain Cladoni¢ of the scarlet-fruited section. 
Three species have been described, —“ P. acicwlaris (Ach.) Th. Fr., 
discovered by Menzies, his own ticket says, ‘on stones and dead trees, 
frequent on the west coast of N. America, 1787-1788,’ and since observed 
there by others; as according to Nylander, in Australia, and at the Cape 
of Good Hope ;—®) P. fibula (Tuck.) Th. Fr., on moist rocks, in the moun- 
tains of New England, and lately observed in the New York mountains 
(C. H. Peck) and —@) P. robustus, Th. Fr. (P. polycarpum, Tuckerm. 1. c.) 
from Norway (Th. Fr.) and islands of Behring’s Straits (C. Wright). 
According to recent observations of Dr. Fries (in Flora, 1865, p. 483) 
P. fibula is however to be reckoned also a Norwegian lichen; and P. ro- 
bustus proves no longer distinguishable from it in species. Though now 
fully prepared to assent to this, it seems to me impossible not to carry 
the reduction further; and to admit that if P. fibula and P. robustus 
agree with one another, each of these extremes agrees also with P. acic- 
ularis, and may be subsumed under it. The specimens from Menzies, of 
the western lichen, do not indicate the substrate, but resemble in all 
respects other western ones (N. W. coast, Douglas in Herb. Hook. ; Ore- 
gon, Scouler in Herb. Hook.; Rocky Mountains, Herb. Hook.) either 
undoubtedly or probably rupicoline. And recent specimens from mari- 
time rocks in California (Mr. Bolander) leave it beyond question that the 
1 Stercoc. chlorellum, described, as respects the thallus, at the same place with 
the two species last named, is in fact, as indicated by Nylander (in Prodr. Fl. N. 
Gran. p. 11) only a very minute, starved, and sterile condition of a Ramalina ; 
referable perhaps rather to R. polymorpha. 
19 
