(147) 
From fifty to sixty species are now known. Of these about a fifth 
appears to be distributed pretty equally throughout the earth, and (owing 
to the greater number of distinct natural regions embraced) the larger 
proportion occurs in intertropical and austral countries; but the genus 
makes nowhere so vast and important a part of the whole vegetation as 
in the arctic zone. All the European species, it is probable, occur within 
our limits, where C. straminea (Sommerf.) Fr., an inhabitant of northern 
Norway, is yet however to be detected; and we possess several unknown 
to Europe. ; 
C. endiviefolia (Ach.) Fr., is perhaps represented by a small specimen 
in my herbarium from Florida (Dr. Chapman) and I possess specimens 
ticketed ‘Carthagena’ from Gaudichaud.'——C. mitrula, Tuckerm. in 
Darlingt. Fl. Cestr. p. 444 (Nyl. 1. c. p. 203) is common throughout the 
southern states, extending also to Mexico (Nyl. 1. c.) and Cuba (Wright 
Lich. Cub. n. 40). Northward it has occurred in Ohio (Lea; Lesquereux) 
in New Jersey (Mr. Austin) and in Massachusetts (Mr. Willey)——The 
specimens published by the writer (Lich. evs. n. 124) as C. decorticata, 
Floerk., agree closely with excellent ones from Floerke’s herbarium, and 
may be taken perhaps to constitute a slenderer state (‘fortasse forma 
gracilior” Th. Fr.) of what Dr. Th. Fries has described as C. coralloidea, 
Ach. (whose own descriptions are far enough from satisfactory) and Dr. 
Nylander as C. decorticata, Fr. To the last (C. decorticata, Fr., Nyl.) 
Dr. Fries (Lich. Arct. p. 148) well refers Fr. Lich. Suec. n. 81, and, as 
well as Nylander, the less instructive Scher. Lich. Helv. n. 279. The 
slender form (C. decorticata, Floerk.) passes, if I do not mistake, imper- 
ceptibly, in our mountains, into the stouter one (C. decorticata, Fr.) and 
Floerke’s designation is much to be preferred to the doubtful one of 
Acharius._—_-C.. fiimbriata, v. adspersa, podetiis mox elongatis inferne 
squamulosis superne furfuraceis 1. decorticatis sepe subulatis, Tuckerm. 
in Wright. Lich. Cub. n. 82 (Cladonia adspersa, Mont. & V. de Bosch 
Lich. Jav. p. 330) which appears to extend through the warmer regions 
of the earth, is common also, in various conditions, throughout the 
United States. The epidermis is sometimes scurfy throughout, but it is 
more commonly squamulose, and this peculiar development of squamules 
is what especially marks the lichen, and tends to obscure what I conceive 
to be its real affinity. Specimens occur, at first sight comparable even with 
1 All these specimens exhibit the yellow reaction, on the under side, with pot- 
ash; ‘ which is not the case,’ according to Mr. Leighton (Not. Lich. in Ann. Nat: 
Hist. Nov. 1866) ‘ with C. alcicornis,’ or C. ceratophylla—e. alecicornis is also 
to be added to the number of South American Cladonice (St. Catharine, Brazil, 
Pabst in herb. V. d. Bosch, sub nom. C. endivicefol.) but the specimens, though 
offering the whole aspect, and the characteristical, marginal fibres of the northern 
lichen, are tinged by potash rather as described in C. endiviefolia. The writer 
has elsewhere (Amer. Naturalist, April, 1868) expressed an opinion on the value 
of such tests. : 
