(158 ) 
(Pl. Cell. Cub.). It oceurs with us, in a well-marked squamulose state 
(Pannaria Halei, Tuck. herb. Lecidea, Nyl. Enum., Suppl.) in Louisiana 
(Hale) but is much more common in reduced, often isidioid forms (Lecidea 
Santensis, Tuck. Suppl.) which are found throughout the Southern States, 
and have been observed by me as far north as Virginia; and by Mr. 
Austin even in New Jersey. It is not easy to regard this last, and the 
first-cited Louisiana lichen, as members of the same species; but the 
range of variation of B. parvifolia, as exhibited especially in Mr. Wright's 
rich Cuban collections, is, as I at least have understood these, undoubt- 
edly very wide.——B. russula (Ach.) Mont. (not of Tuckerm. Syn. N. 
E.) is another tropical expression of the type of the present group, 
extending however not only through the southern country, but north- 
ward as far as Ohio (Lea) and New York (Halsey) just as in Europe it 
reaches Portugal and the extreme south of France (Nyl.). ——B. cinna- 
barina (Sommerf.) Fr., is a similar lichen, belonging to the extreme north, 
and found here in Greenland (Fries) and at Pend Oreille river in North 
West America (Dr. Lyall in herb. Hook.).——B. vernalis (L.) Fr. Lich. 
Suec. n, 224, & Summ., a is common in our mountains (Tuck. ers. n. 44) 
in muscicoline and corticoline conditions, and occurs also in Arctic 
America (Mr. Wright) and, more rarely, on the coast, in southern New 
England. The spores are very commonly, indeed mostly, simple, but 
bilocular ones occur occasionally in my specimens, .as they do also in the 
cited plant of Fries, and in Stenh. Lich. Suec. n. 54, a; and indications 
are not wanting of still further possible modification. There is reason 
then for continuing to regard B. spheroides (Sommerf.) as very closely 
akin to B. vernalis. ——B. sanguineo-atra (Fr. herb., quoad exempl. meum 
Lich. Suec. n. 223) Tuck. Syn. N. Eng. p. 60, is more common, and 
extends southward to the mountains of Georgia (Mr. Ravenel). In this 
the spores appear to be typically simple, but indications of a further 
evolution are by no means wanting.——B. cuprea (Sommerf.) Fr., of 
Arctic Europe, has occurred also in Greenland (J. Vahl, e Th. Fr. Lich. 
drct. p. 194) and Mr. Wright collected it in an island of Behring’s 
Straits. Not wholly dissimilar to the last is B. atrorufi (Dicks.) Fr., 
of our alpine districts (White Mountains) though here the darker thallus 
is evidently squamulose. B. castanea, Hepp (Th. Fr.! Lich. Arct. p. 195) 
the apothecia of which are not without points of resemblance to Lep- 
togium muscicola, has been found in Greenland (J. Vahl, e Th. Fr. Lich. 
-irct. p. 195) and in the alpine region of the Rocky Mountains by Mr. E. 
Hall——B. rufo-fusca, Anz. (Catal. Sondr. p. 76; Lich. Lang. n. 178) is 
identical, according to Dr. Th. Fries, with Lecid. aquilonia, Krempelh., 
and has occurred in Greenland (Th. Fr. in Flora 1866, p. 452). 
B. Tornoensis (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. p. 196 (Lecidea, Nyl. Lich. 
Scand. p. 195, & in Fellm. Lich. Arct. n. 148) a minute species with 
scarcely any thallus, and dark reddish-brown, or blackish, convex apothe- 
cia, is distinguished by its large spores, and occurs (in Arctic Europe, and) 
