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his lichen to be identical with the Lecidea sabaletorum v. muscorum of 
his own Spicilegium, and Lich. Helv.n.194. Two distinct lichens are.con- 
fused indeed in the latter publication; but one of them, and the only one 
to which the excellent description of Acharius will apply, is the well- 
marked alpine and arctic species published by Massalongo as Bilimbia 
sabulosa, and by Dr. Th. Fries (Lich. Arct. p. 185) who adopts an older, 
but not a species name, of Floerke’s, as B. syncomista. Westructive speci- 
mens from the friendly author of the latter designation, and others, 
approved by Massalongo, of his plant (Herb. Krempelh.) have afforded 
no satisfactory differences from Scheerer’s specimen, or indeed from the 
character of Acharius. Mr. Wright detected our American representative 
of the species in an island of Bebring’s Straits. The hypothecium finally 
blackens, as in Scheerer’s plant, and others from Dr. Sauter, as well as in 
the Swedish ones; and this is indicated also by Acharius. Spores subfusi- 
form, 2-3-, but at length 4-locular. —— Biatora spheroides (Lecidea, Som- 
merf., a) is only known to me in specimens from the extreme north of 
Europe, and in entirely corresponding ones, collected in Franklin’s first 
voyage (Herb. Hook.) in arctic America, and by Mr. Wright, in an island 
of Behring’s Straits. The apothecia are generally paler than.in B. ver- 
nalis; but the important difference is in the regularly. quadrilocular 
spores. Sommerfelt described however a darker form (v. obscurata) with 
similar spores, but appearing constantly distinct according to Dr. Th. 
- Fries, (Lich. Arct. p. 182) which occurs also in Greenland (J. Vahl, e Th. 
Fr. l. c.). ——B. hypnophila (Turn.) is, so far as my information of the 
true limitation of the last species goes, a plant of more southern range, 
reaching as far south as Portugal (Welwitoch) in Europe, and the middle 
states, at least, in this country, and is sufficiently characterized by its 
minute, soon livid, or grayish, and blackening, subglobose apothecia, and 
pluri(5-8)locular spores. This, which is well described (as Bilimbia 
hypnophila, 1. ¢.) by Dr. Th. Fries, is the Biatora muscorum of Leighton 
(Eas. n. 91) and the Lecidea viridescens of the British Flora (Herb. Borr.) 
under which latter name it was first pointed out to me by my friend Mr. 
Russell. It occurs commonly upon mosses and also on the earth, in New 
England and New York; in Ohio (Mr. Lesquereux) Illinois (Mr. Hall) 
and New Jersey (Mr. Austin). The same plant is found upon schist, in 
Vermont (Mr. Russell; Mr. Frost) and I have collected it, in the White 
Mountains, upon dead wood. The finally fusiform, and 5-6-locular spores 
of the lignicoline, tropical lichen published in Wright Lich. Cub. n. 204 
(B. rufella, Tuck. in litt. Lecid. spheroides, v. vacillans, Nyl. Lich. Scand., 
& in Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. p. 58, not.) should seem to refer it rather to the 
present species (L. spheroides, v. sabuletorum, Nyl. Scand.) than the pre- 
ceding (Z® spheroides, 4, Nyl. 1. c.) and, in that view, it may perhaps be 
said to strengthen the evidence that B. hypnophila should be kept apart 
from B. spheroides. But if we distinguish specifically the Cuban lichens 
already referred to, as coming very close to the northern B. vernalis 
