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spores (0,023-34™™- long, and about 0,003™™- wide) which are numerous in 
the thekes. That the thekes are polysporous was first distinctly observed 
by Dr. Stizenberger, who found the spores ‘in forties and fifties’ in some 
of my specimens (Stizenb. in litt.) which have since afforded me similar 
results; in many others the state of the thalamium precluded enquiry. 
The species, originally found on Pines on the coast of Massachusetts, and 
on Fir and Birch in the White Mountains (Myself) has since occurred on 
Fir, in the New York mountains (Mfr. C. H. Peck) and on granitic rocks, 
New Bedford, Mass., (Mr. Willey). 
It only remains to consider, as an appendix to the more easily determ- 
inable groups of Biatora, those myriosporous species, the exceeding 
minuteness (if not imperfectness) of the spores of which impedes any fair 
appreciation of structure, and real affinity. These species are brought 
together in Biatorella, and other genera, of recent authors ; and are now 
united in Biatorella, Th. Fr. (Gen. p. 86). But whether or not the con- 
dition which distinguishes them is to be taken as indicative of structural 
decline, Tulasne’s comparison, already cited, of the myriosporous lichens 
with similarly aberrant Fungi, loses none of its interest for us in view of 
the fact that our best-known polysporous Biatora is itself a Fungus, ac- 
cording to Fries. 
B. campestris, Fr. (Sarcosagium biatorellum, Mass., ex Aiequtee in 
Flora, 1869, p. 439). Onthe earth; Mlinois (ML. E. Hall). Agreeing with 
the foreign specimens (Herb. Fr. Anz. Lich. Lang. 0.307). Rabenh.n. 
507). Thallus indistinct, but true gonidia were observed. The reaction 
of the hymenium with iodine is marked. What is perhaps the same 
lichen was collected, too sparingly, on ‘rocky ground,’ in New Jersey (Mr. 
Austin). B. fossarum, (Duf.) Mont. (Lecidea, Nyl. Prodr. p. 116). On 
the earth; ‘not rare on sterile clays,’ Illinois (Mr. Hall). New Jersey 
(Mi. Austin). Exactly agreeing with the European plant, as this is de- 
scribed; and the linear spores 0,007-11™™- long, and about 0,003™™ wide. 
—— B. cyphalea, Sp. nov., is manifestly of the same stock as the last, but 
differs in a granulose, becoming compact and chinky, white thallus; red- 
dish-brown apothecia (0™"-5,-0™"-8, wide) which are often conglomerate ; 
short, cuneate, 50-80-spored thekes; and ellipsoid spores measuring only 
0,003-4™™- long, and 0,002™™- wide. It was detected on Elm-bark, in 
Tlinois (Afr. Hall) and has not occurred elsewhere. ——B. Ilicis, Willey 
msc. On Holly, New Bedford, Mass. (H. Willey). The very minute apo- 
thecia blackening and in this way observable on the white crust. Spores 
globular.— B. geophana (Nyl. sub Lecid., Scand. p. 212). Onthe earth, 
upon flat rocks, New Jersey, Mr. Austin. Apothecia without apparent 
margin, black. Spores globular, 0,006™™- to 0,008" in diameter, and 
from fourteen to eighteen in the thekes; paraphyses not distinguished ; 
but the blue reaction with iodine sufficiently evident. This very obscure 
plant has since been detected, at New Bedford, Mass., by Mr. Willey. It 
appears to agree, in all its features, with the cited description of Nylan- 
