( 202 ) 
Three species have been recognized in Europe, by Nylander, of which 
one is found here; and a fourth is peculiar to this country. X. opegra- 
phella, Nyl. (Opegrapha stictica, Lich. Amer. exs.1. c.,non Nyl.) comparable 
as respects the shape of its apothecia, which are now rounded and now 
lirelliform, with both X. flerella, Nyl. Prodr. (Moug. & Nestl. n. 1094) and 
X. parallela (Herb. Floerk. Fellm. Lich. Arct. n. 205) is yet commonly 
lighter-coloured, and especially distinguished by its: conspicuous, rather 
turgid, warted thallus; which is now however almost obsolete. This 
thallus is comparable with that of a similarly turgid state of the crust of 
Lecanora pallida v. cancriformis (Hoffm. L. cesio-rubella, Ach.) as this 
occurs, upon dead wood, on the coast of Massachusetts, as with that of 
L. cinerea, and other lichens, with the same habitat; and itis no doubt 
peculiarly conditioned by the substrate. Spores of X. opegraphella 
oblong-ellipsoid, 0,011-0,015™™- long, and 0,0035-0,0050™™- wide.—— X. par- 
allela, Fr., has rewarded the search only of Mr. Willey, who obtained it 
from dead Firs, at Dixville Notch, New Hampshire. Spores ellipsoid, 
0,008-0,016™™- long, and 0,005-0,007™™- wide. 
LI.—GRAPHIS, Ach., Nyl. 
Nyl. Enum. Gén. 1. c. p. 128; Prodr. p. 148; Lich. exot. 1. c. pp. 226, 244, 
260; in Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. pp. 73, 131, & t.1, 2; Syn. Lich. N. Caled. 
p. 69. Graphis, Ach. L. U. pp. 46, 264, 674, max. p. Graphis max. 
p., Opegraphe spp., & Glyphidissp., Ach. Syn. pp.70, 80,107. Graphis 
max. p., Opegraphe spp., Sarcographe sp., Fissurina, & Arthoniz 
spp., Fée Ess. p. 33, &c.; Suppl. p. 26, &c. Graphis, Leiorreuma, 
Sclerophyton, Medusula, Pyrrhochroa p. p., & Diorygma, Eschw. Syst. 
p.13. Graphis, Opegraphe spp., Sclerophyton, & Ustalia p. p., Fr. 
8. O. V. p. 272. Graphis pr. p., Asterisca pr. p., Leucogramma & 
Platygramma, Mey. Entwick. p. 330. Graphis pr. p., Leiogramma pr. 
p., Sclerophyton, & Ustalia pr. p., Eschw. Bras. p. 65, &c. Graphis, 
Opegrapha pr. p., Lecanactis p. p., Sclerophyton, Medusula, Fissurina, 
& Arthonia p. p., Mont. Pl. Cell. Cub. p. 170; Crypt. Guy. p. 39, &¢.; 
Syll. p. 344. Graphis, Opegrapha pr. p., & Ustalia, Stizenb. Beitr. 
1. ¢. p. 153. 
Apothecia lirelleformia, sub-ramosa, 1. rarissime rotundato-dif- 
formia, plerumque innata, excipulo proprio 1. colorato 1. nigro, basi 
szepius incolore, a thallino thallodeve fere semper coronato. Spore 
ex ellipsoideo oblonge 1]. eruceformes, quadri-pluriloculares, 1. muri- 
formi-multiloculares, fuscescentes 1. decolores. Spermatia (quantum 
cogn.) oblonga 1. bacillaria; sterigmatibus simplicibus. Thallus 
crustaceus, uniformis. 
The northern representatives of Graphis, as here taken, are so few, 
and express so imperfectly the richly diversified tropical type, that I have 
