(216 ) 
states suggesting, and indeed resembling G. heteroclita, Mont. (Actino- 
glyphis, Mont.). But remarkable as is the development of lirell in this 
species—fully comparable now with simple forms of Graphis scalpturata 
—there is little else to separate it generically from the Glyphis first named, 
and its lirelle disappear finally in rounded patches which it is easy to 
associate with those of G.labyrinthica, or even, more distantly, with those 
of G. favulosa. 
The little cluster of remaining forms of Glyphis embraces G. cicutricosa 
and G. favulosa, Ach., and G. confluens, Mont., Nyl., which were some 
years since united by the writer as G. Achariana (Suppl. 1, /. c. p. 429) 
neither of the names before given to the members of the new species 
appearing to have any special appropriateness to it, as a whole. In his 
Lichens of New Granada (Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. p. 108) Dr. Nylander con- 
seuts to the reduction of G. farulosa to G. cicatricosa, and only admits 
G. confluens with the remark that it is scarcely more than a variety ; and 
the species thus sketched wants but little of being equivalent to the 
earlier one first cited. The differences between his species, indicated by 
Acharius, certainly disappear in large collections of specimens; and both 
forms pass into confluent states, inseparable from the others by any dis- 
tinctions derivable from the spores. A comparison indeed of Eschweiler’s 
descriptions of G. cicatricosa and G. favulosa (Lich. Bras. pp. 166, 167) 
with those given by Acharius, will sufficiently shew the difficulty of 
determining these forms; which appears also in the fact that the Portu- 
guese lichen (Welwitsch Cr. Lusit. n. 56) was referred to G. cicatricosa 
by Montagne, and to G. farulosa by Nylander.—Thus understood, the 
species before us is sufficiently well marked, and though making evident 
approaches to the others, the group composing it has had the good fortune 
never to be disturbed in the place which Acharius assigned to it; and 
may pass therefore for the generally accepted expression, oridea, of Glyphis. 
It may still be observed that though the typically compound apothecia 
are remote enough in aspect from most Graphideine types, they are still 
intimately associable with forms as intimately associable with Graphis 
tricosa ; and further that simpler conditions of the fruit scarcely differ in 
external appearance but in being smaller from similarly rounded or short- 
oblong apothecia of G. scalpturata, and other species of the stock of 
G. dendritica. 
Beside his G. actinobola and G. medusulina (Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. p. 108) 
the very difficult relations of which both to Graphis tricosa and Glyphis 
labyrinthica have already been touched upon, Nylander reckons, in his 
latest publications, four species of the present genus; from which exclud- 
ing G. confluens, above otherwise explained, we have left three, tolerably 
definite, and well understood forms. All are tropical, but one (G. Achar- 
tana) has occurred on the coast of Portugal; and inhabits also our 
southern States. 
G. Achariana, Tuckerm. J. ¢c., 1858, occurs on various trees and shrubs, 
