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LVI.—SPH HROPHORUS, Pers. 
Pers. in Ust. Ann. d. Bot. Ach. L. U.p.116; Syn. p. 286. Turn. & Borr. 
Lich. Brit. p. 105. Fr. in Vet. Ak. Handl. 1821; 8. 0. V. p. 258; L. 
E. pp. 404. Scher. Spicil. p.7, 242; Enum. p.176. Eschw. Syst. p. 23; 
Lich. Bras. p. 60. Fée Ess. p.80. Mey. Entwick. pp. 86, 324. Mont. 
Recherches in Ann., Mars, 1841; Apereu Morph. in Dict. Univ. d’Hist. 
Nat. 1846. Tuck. Syn. N. Eng. p. 81. Leight. Brit. Ang. Lich. p. 5, 
t.1,f.1-3. Tul. Mem. sur les Lich. pp. 77, 185, t. 15, f. 1-9. Norm. 
Con. p. 27. Mass. Mem. p. 71. Koerb. Syst. p. 51. Nyl. Syn. p. 169, 
t.5,f. 45-47; Lich. Scand. p. 46. Schwend. Untersuch. in Naeg. Beitr. 
2, p. 163, t.5,f. 14-16,t.6,f£1. Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. p. 243; Gen. p. 100; 
Lich. Spitzb. p. 47. Mudd Man. Brit. Lich. p. 268. Stizenb. Beitr. 
lc. p. 151. 
Apothecia globosa, excipulo proprio (hypothecio) mere infero 
thallino ex apicibus ramorum intumescentibus formato incluso. 
Spore 6 thecis cylindraceis mox ej ects, spheric, simplices, violaceo- 
nigricantes. Spermatia ellipsoidee oblongave; sterigmatibus sim- 
plicibus. Thallus fruticulosus, erectus, intus stuppeus. 
Spherophorus and Calicium are, at any rate, brought close together 
by the remarkable deformation of the disk; and it is further significant 
that these lichens accord also in their thekes, and spores, and are not dis- 
cordant in their spermatia. No other place then, in the system, having 
been satisfactorily indicated for Spherophorus, there is beforehand ground 
for presuming that the structure of its fruit shall prove to be reconcilable 
with the same structure in the Caliciet. The point has been considered in 
a preceding page; and I have not hesitated to embody above the results 
of my observations in the generical character. 
This well-characterized type is found in all cold, northern and austral 
climates; but especially in the austral, where (Nyl., 1. c.) every form is 
represented. S. compressus becomes also tropical; and occurs on the 
wooded hills of Cuba (Mr. Wright). In the United States, one of the 
species but little transcends alpine districts ; the other has a rather wider 
distribution. 
S. compressus, Ach. Rocks, and on the earth. Canada, Herb. Hook. 
Arctic America, Hook. Flattened conditions of the other species are not 
to be confounded with this. — 58. globiferus (L.) DC. On the earth in 
alpine districts, and descending. Arctic America, Herb. Hook. White 
Mountains. Dennysville, Maine (infertile) Russell. North West coast, 
Herb. Hook. Coast of California (Mr. Bolander). ——S. fragilis (L.) Pers. 
Alpine rocks. Arctic America, Hook. White Mountains. 
LVII.-ACROSCYPHUS, Lév., Mont. 
Léveillé in Ann. 3,5, p. 262. Mont. in Dict. Univ. d’Hist. Nat. art. Spha- 
