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Trib. V.-VERRUCARIACEI (Fr. 1821. Fée) Stizenb. 
Apothecia globosa, apice poro pertusa; excipulo exteriori proprio 
(perithecio) nucleum gelatinosum interiori plus minus distincto 
(amphithecio) inclusum, tegente. 
Acharius associated Pertusaria and Thelotrema with his Pyrenula ; 
and Glyphis and Chiodecton with Trypethelium. Turner and Borrer 
wrote before the appearance of the latest writings of the Swedish lichen- 
ographer, and make no mention of Chiodecton and Glyphis ; but they 
regard Pertusaria as coming between Thelotrema and Bathelium (Trype- 
thelium) and ‘nearest to’ the latter, while the Thelotremata, ‘in what 
seems their perfection, approach the Parmelia, or still more nearly the 
Urceolaria.’ (Lich. Brit. pp. 166, 192). Fries (S. 0. V., 1825) removed 
both Glyphis and Chiodecton from this association to the place which they 
now occupy, as did Meyer, the same year, the former ; retaining however 
the latter in its Acharian affinity, to which Fries also, later (Lich. Hur.) 
restored it; andit was left to Montagne to correct the error. Not so easy 
was the correction of the position of the other two genera. The nearness 
of Thelotrema to Phlyctis and Gyrostomum was indeed indicated by Fries 
(S. O. V.) and he finally (Summ. Veg. Scand.) as Eschweiler (Lich. Bras.) 
had already done, referred the first-named to the Lecanorei ; but was not 
followed in this by Montagne, who, with the great majority of lichenists, 
still looked at the genus as Verrucariaccous. Even more general has been 
the indisposition of authors to allow determining weight to the lecanorine 
features of Pertwsaria ; and Nylander was perhaps the first to assign to 
the type, without hesitation, what we must here regard its natural rank. 
Acharius’s explanation of the Verrucariaceous apothecium, which I 
follow almost all recent lichenographers in adopting here, may well 
suggest the clearer exhibition of not dissimilar features in Thelotrema. 
Eschweiler indeed (Lich. Bras.) has denied the analogy ; and neither he 
nor Fries recognize any interior tunic in Verrucaria. This inner exciple 
is certainly obscure enough in the great majority of species of Thelotrema ; 
and it is perhaps therefore the less surprising that we find it, in general, 
no better marked in the humbler groups before us. It is still difficult to 
avoid wholly the recognition of such interior, excipular layer in the Ver- 
rucariacei (as compare Nyl. Syn. p. 21) asin the Caliciacei ;1 while yet we 
can hardly question the removal of Thelotrema from the tribe to which it 
is perhaps, none the less, the key. 
1 And compare the analogous structure in the Pyrenomycetes; as, in particular, 
De Bary, Morph. & Phys. d. Pilze, &c., p. 98, fig. 37, ¢. 
