(247 ) 
spore-type in Verrucaria, as here taken, isa case seemingly in point; and 
even Segestria, if we are not much in error, may furnish another. 
Beside Endocarpon, as thus understood, only Normandina is referable 
to the present family. 
LXI.—ENDOCARPON, Hedw., Fr. 
Endocarpon, Hedw. Stirp. Crypt. Endocarpon, Fr. (L. E. p. 407) 8. V. 8. 
pp. 119, 563. Endocarpon (excl. E. letevirente) Tuck. Syn. N. Eng. 
p. 82. Endocarpon pro max. p., Ach. L. U. p. 55; Syn. p. 97. Fée 
Ess. p. 87. Scher. Spicil. p. 58. Leight. Brit. Ang. Lich. p. 10, t. 1, 
&c. Verrucarie spp., Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 203. Borr. in E. 
Bot. Suppl. Endocarpon, et Dermatocarpon pro max. p., Eschw. Syst. 
p.16. Fr. 8. 0. V. p. 259. Endocarpon max. p., Placidium, Catopy- 
renium, et Dermatocarpon, Mass. opp. Endocarpon max. p., Endopy- 
renium, Placidiopsis, Catopyrenium, et Dermatocarpon, Koerb. Syst. ; 
Parerg. p. 307. Endocarpon max. p., et Verrucariz spp., Nyl. Prodr. 
pp. 174,178; Pyrenoc. p. 11; Lich. Scand. p. 264. Endocarpon pro p., 
et Rhodocarpon, Lénnr, in Flora, 1858. Endocarpon max. p., et Der- 
matocarpon, Anz. Catal. Sondr. p.102. Mudd Man. Brit. Lich. p. 265. 
Dermatocarpon, Placidiopsis, et Endocarpon Th. Fr. Gen. p.103. Der- 
matocarpon, Placidiopsis, et Endocarpon pro p., Stizenb. Beitr. 1. c. 
p. 150. 
Structuram exposuerunt Tulasne, Mém. sur les Lich. pp. 22, 90, 189, 
t. 12; Schwendener, Untersuch. 1. c. 3, p. 184-189, t. 10, f. 1-9. 
Apothecia thallo immersa, perithecio diminuto, amphithecio 
pallido 1. demum nigricante, paraphysibus mucilaginoso-diffluxis. 
Sporee ovoidez, ellipsoidec, 1. oblong, simplices |. nunc bi-quadri- 
loculares 1. muriformi-multiloculares, fuscescentes 1. decolores. Sper- 
matia ellipsoidea oblongave ; sterigmatibus aut simplicibus aut multi- 
articulatis. Thallus foliaceus squamulosusve, dein crustoso-dimin- 
utus. 
The relations of the foliaceous Verrucariacei to those typically crusta- 
ceous are exceedingly close. Acharius distinguished Verrucaria by its 
‘double perithecium,’ the simple one of Hndocarpon being so described 
that it is not clear that he did not regard it as representing both the 
envelopes of the former. Turner and Borrer (whose observations were 
unfortunately left unfinished) saw rather that it is the amphithecium or 
inner envelope of Verrucaria that is equivalent to the included exciple of 
Endocarpon (Lich. Brit. p. 207) and though they do not say that itis in 
the ‘ostiole’ of the foliaceous group that we are to look for the represen- 
tative of the outer envelope (perithecium) of Verrucaria, these most 
careful lichenographers united the two genera. Borrer reaffirmed this 
view, later, in the Supplement to English Botany. And Dr. Nylander, 
ss 
