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we possess all the better known ones; of the squamulose, several are 
wanting. 
E. miniatum (L.) Scher., a (embracing as well E. glaucum, Ach. Syn., 
as respects at least its North American habitat; as without doubt also 
E. Muhlenvergii of the same work) occurs on various rocks (lime rocks 
not excepted) from Greenland (Vahl in Th. Fr. /. c.) throughout the United 
States, to the mountains of New Mexico (Mr. Fendler). Acharius (1. c. 
p. 103) suggested the possibility that his two species last named might be 
only forms of his #. miniatum ; and it is in fact improbable that they 
can be well distinguished even as varieties. —— Certain forms of « (Ver- 
mont, Mr. Frost) agree in the reticulate wrinkling of the under surface 
with the var. fulvo-fuscum (E. fluviatile v. fulvo-fuscum, Tuck. Syn. N. 
Eng. p. 83) which is however an aquatic condition, and confined as yet to 
the alpine lake in which it was discovered. ——The polyphyllous state of 
the species, growing on dry rocks, —Vv. complicatum, Scheer., has the same 
Tange with a, but is more common at the north.——From this the var. 
Manitense, Nyl. (EZ. Manitense, Tuck. in Agass. Journ. of a Tour, &c. 
E. gyrophoroides, Schwein. in herb. Fr.) differs, as Montagne observed 
(in litt.) and Nylander has since stated, much as a polyphylline state of 
the f. Muhlenbergii ; and is remarkable for its very dark (brown) colour. 
The lichen has occurred in North Carolina (Schweinitz) in Georgia (Mr. 
Ravenel) and in islands of Lake Superior (Prof. Agassiz). It is far from 
difficult to mistake for it conditions of Umbilicaria flocculosa. —— But the 
aquatic state of the polyphylline condition of the species, as I here follow 
Scherer in regarding it,—v. aquaticum, Scher. (. fluviatile, DC., Fr.) 
which is not uncommon in New England, and occurs in New Jersey (Mr. 
Austin) and in North Carolina (Mr. Ravenel) varies also to dark forms 
(Fr. Lich. Suec. n. 37. Stenh. Lich. Suec. n. 29) now easily suggesting 
that if EF. Muhlenbergii (including the varr. fulvo-fuscum and ILanitense, 
above indicated) could be taken for a species, with a range of variation 
similar to that of H. miniatum, it might possibly be said to be in fact 
European, as well as American, and even (Nyl. Pyrenoc. p. 12, and specim. 
e herb. Sond.) African. 
Acharius described a state of his H. miniatum (v. cirsodes, Syn. p. 
102) with a ‘granulate-scabrous,’ or papillose under surface ; and I find 
the same feature well marked, and the minute warts passing now and 
then into fibres, in a lichen from New Mexico (Mr. Fendler) and the Rocky 
Mountains (Mr. E. Hall) otherwise well comparable, except that it blackens 
beneath, with fine, sub-simple specimens of E. miniatum v. complicatum, 
from the same region. But the former is perhaps more properly to be 
referred to E. Moulinsii, Mont., recognized also by its friendly author in 
specimens from Texas (Mr. Wright). These latter specimens are yet far 
from characteristical, and but ill-represent the noble lichen of the 
Himalaya (Jacquemont im herb. Mus. Par. Hook. & Thoms. Herb. 
Ind. Or. 1. 2218) which, in size, and in the aspect of both surfaces, but 
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