(251 ) 
spore- character of Dermatocarpon, Eschw., from Endocarpon, will be 
observed. —The difference in the statiemis which serves to separate 
E. cinereum from the species immediately preceding it, recurs in the only 
one we have now left to notice, but is quite insufficient in either to over- 
weigh the affinities which, by the almost general consent of lichenographers, 
unite all these lichens in a single, natural group. In EF. pusillem, Hedw. 
(Verrucaria pallida, Nyl.) the lichen upon which the genus Endocarpon 
was originally founded, and occurring here, upon the earth, in Texas 
(Mr. Wright) on calcareous rocks in Vermont (Mr. Frost) and in Illinois, 
Missouri, and Kansas (Mr. Hall) the spores are larger, fewer, and muri- 
form-multilocular; and it relates therefore, in this respect, to the other 
species, much as Umbilicaria pustulata to the majority of forms (with 
simple, decolorate spores) of the latter group: or still more nearly as 
Pannaria byssina (Hoffm.) to the rest of the genus with which we have 
associated it. 2. pusillum is doubtless vastly more common here than 
our few stations should seem to indicate, and may well be found also in 
the reduced state whichis £. Garovaglii (Mont.) Scher. Beside this last, 
and the far from well-defined Dermatocarpon glomerutliferum, Mass. (Anz. 
Venet. n. 118) the only other known Endocarpa with muriform spores are 
Dermatoc. arenarium, Hamp. in Koerb. Parerg. p. 309, characterized by 
a return of the spores to more normal conditions as respects number and 
size, in which respects Buellia petrea, as here taken, furnishes some 
important analogies; and the externally well-marked EF. pulvinatum, Th. 
Fr. It should yet be said that Lénnroth, and Stizenberger, have united 
the crustaceous Staurothele, Norm.,with their Endocarpon (Dermatocarpon, 
Mass., not of Eschw.) and that Nylander (Pyrenoc. |. c.) and Th. Fries 
(the place is quoted above) have indicated points of contact in the two 
groups; which differ, none the less, as Physcia from Rinodina. 
LXII.—NORMANDINA, Nyl. 
Nyl. Classif. 2, p. 191, cit. ipso; Prodr. Gall. p. 173; Exp. Syn. Pyrenoc. 
p.10. Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. p. 256; Gen. p.104. Mudd Man. Brit. Lich. 
p. 268. Stizenb. Beitr. 1. c. p. 149. Lenormandia, Delis. in Desmaz. 
Cr. Fr. Nyl. Lich. Par. n. 89. Koerb. Parerg. p. 43. Massal. Sched. 
Crit. cit. Th. Fr. Verrucarie sp., Borr. in E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2602, f. 1, 
& t. 2658. Mont. Syll. p. 366. Endocarpi sp., Hook. Br. Fl. 2, p. 158. 
Leight. Brit. Ang. Lich. p. 13, t.3,f1. Coccocarpie? sp., Babingt. 
Lich. N. Zeal. p. 9. 
Apothecia verrucis thallinis immersa, perithecio diminuto, amphi- 
thecio nigro, paraphysibus obsoletis. Spore oblongo-cylindracee, 
8-loculares, incolores. Spermatia haud visa. Thallus squame- 
formis, monophyllus. 
The type and only ascertained species is N. Jungermannie (Delis.) 
