(258 ) 
N. Y., offers orbicular, light olive-brown, zonate and fringed patches of 
smooth and contiguous thallus, which, like the apothecia, are of twice the 
dimensions of those of S. Drummondii.——S. umbrina (Verrucaria, 
Wahl., Nyl. Pyrenoc.) inhabits often inundated, granitic rocks in Vermont 
(Mr. Russell) and, in the var. clopima, Nyl., is found, on similar rocks, 
near water, in the White Mountains. I have a similar lichen from lime- 
rocks, Canada (Mr. Drummond). S. diffractella (Verrucaria, Nyl. 
Pyrenoc. p. 33) distinguished by its larger, now subsquamaceous areoles, 
and larger fruit, the perithecium in which is better developed than in the 
other species —and distributed formerly by me as JV. tiarodes, was dis- 
covered, on schist, in Vermont (Mr. Frost) and has also occurred in 
Missouri (Mr. Hall) and Alabama (Mr. Peters). 
Sub-Fam. 2. — TRYPETHELIEI. 
Apothecia plura in stromate verruceeformi collecta. 
The sub-family before us is most intimately related to the next suc- 
ceeding one, but derives, in its typical members, a marked distinction, 
and what we cannot but consider a higher position from the at length 
curiously developed thalloid warts (Stroma, Eschw., Nyl. Receptaculum 
rerruceforme e propria substantia colorata formatum, Ach. Verruca e 
thalli substantia medullari formata, Eschw. Syst. Evcipulum verruce- 
Forme e strato medullari thalli formatum, Fr., Mont.) in which the 
(commonly numerous) perithecia are immersed. At itscentre then, hap- 
pily indicated by the species upon which Sprengel established the genus, 
Trypethelium may be reckoned a distinct (subordinate) trpe, standing in 
interesting relations to the analogous subtype of Lecanorei (Pertusarie:) 
as to Spheriacei in Fungi (Fr. Z. B. p. 429. S| Ve S. p. 3834) but its 
stroma fails at length to be distinguishable from the thalline envelope of 
Staurothele, as of some species of Pyrenula; and points of apparent 
transition to the latter genus (as Verrucaria ochroleuca, Eschw., and 
compare also Trypethelium nigritulum, Nyl., with Pyrenula aggregata, 
Fée, Nyl.) are noticed by authors. 
Of the only two known generical types of Trypetheliei, Astrothelium, 
Eschw., not as yet detected within our limits. differs from Trypethelium 
in the convergent and confluent ostioles of the perithecia; or as Pyrenas- 
trum from Pyrenula. 
LAV.—TRYPETHELIUM, Spreng., Ach., Nyl. 
Spreng. Anleit. z. Kennt. d. Gewichs. Ach. L. U. p. 58; Syn. p. 104, 
pro max. p. Trypethelium pro max. p., & Pyrenule sp., Eschw. Syst. 
p. 18; Lich. Bras. p. 154. Trypethelii spp., Fée Ess. p. 65; Monogr. 
in Ann. Sci. Nat. t. 23; Suppl. (Meissneria, & Pyrenule spp. add.) 
