(259 ) 
p.55. Trypethelium, Fr. 8. 0. V. p. 261. Mont. in Ann.; Syll. p. 371, 
pro max. p. Trypethelium & Pyrenule sp., Mass. Ric. pp. 143, 163. 
Trypethelium, Nyl. Pyrenoc. p. 71; & in Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. p. 127. 
Trypethelium & Bathelium, Stizenb. Beitr. 1. c. p. 146. 
Apothecia (1-00) stromate verruceeformi immersa, perithecio 
diminuto nigricante, amphithecio nigro, paraphysibus capillaribus. 
Spore ex ellipsoideo oblong, quadri-pluriloculares [l. dein muri- 
formi-multiloculares,] fuscescentes 1. subincolores. Spermatia haud 
observata. Thallus hypophlceodes 1. obsoletus. 
Trypethelium has been often compared with Pertusaria, and the for- 
mer is here considered as filling an analogous place in the present tribe 
to that of the latter in the Lecanorei. In structure, as we look at it, the 
two groups are notwithstanding most diverse. Pertwsaria is a compound 
Lecanora, in which a number of hymenia, the full evolution of which has 
been precluded, and which persist therefore in a nucleiform condition, are 
enveloped by the common hypothecium, and bordered, as well often by 
this, as by the thalline, here persistently wart-like, exciple of Lecanora; 
and the whole wart (we refer to the typical Pertusaric) is the apothecium. 
Not so in the corresponding, compound groups of Graphidacei and Ver- 
rucariacei. Here we have (in the typical species) clusters of apothecia; 
and the whole distinction of the groups turns on the enveloping or mar- 
gining thalloid stroma. 
The exhibition of apothecial structure in Jrypetheliwm is comparable 
with what we find in Endocarpon: a commonly much reduced, now col- 
oured, but finally for the most part blackening perithecium, which authors 
have commonly called ostiole; and a well-marked amphithecium, in the 
genus before us almost always black, which they have not seldom accepted 
as the perithecium. The black amphithecium suggests readily enough a 
comparison with the often similarly coloured part in Pyrenwla, but the 
question of comparative rank turns really on the characters of the peri- 
thecium; and these, however often obscure, look more frequently towards 
the Segestriei. 
Like Pyrenula, Trypethelium belongs evidently to the coloured spore- 
series; a considerable proportion of the species, as reckoned by Nylander, 
exhibiting the final differentiation of the coloured spore. The sub-family 
is wholly corticoline. 
Nylander, whose revision of the genus (Pyrenoc. p. 71) we here follow, 
enumerates, in all his memoirs known to me, twenty-eight species. Of 
these, twenty-two are confined to intertropical regions; three extend from 
these regions northward so as to come within our limits; two are known 
only from our southern states; and one ascends from these even to Canada. 
Trypethelium cruentum, Mont., determ. ipso. From tropical America, 
this reaches northward to the low country of our southern states; occur- 
ring in South Carolina (Mr. Ravenel) Alabama (Mr. Beaumont) Mississippi 
