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smaller spores, which shew colour while yet in the thekes. Paraphyses 
capillary and quite distinct (v. fallax, Nyl.) or more or less obsolescent. 
In a well-marked form with quadrilocular spores (Illinois, Mr. Hall) and 
in another, less distinguishable from common states of the species (on 
Birch, New England) the spore-cells are at length divided longitudinally, 
as in Arthopyrenia quercus, Mass. Ric. f. 337; thus adding to the evidence 
afforded by Arthonia, and by the similar forms of both groups in which 
coloration is distinct, that colourless spores of this kind are in fact decol- 
orate exhibitions of the muriform, or coloured type.——P. quinque-septata 
(Nyl.) (Verrucaria, Nyl. Pyr.). On Holly, South Carolina (Mr. Ravenel). 
Alabama (Mr. Beaumont). Spores ellipsoid and oblong-ellipsoid, 4-7-loc- 
ular. Paraphyses not well distinguishable. ——P. swbcinerea (Verr. 
chlorotica, v. subcinerea, Nyl. Pyrenoc. p. 37). On the bark of Xanthoxy- 
lum, Texas (Mr. Wright). On Taxodiwm, southern Texas (Mr. Ravenel). 
Amphithecium black (as observed by Nylander, 1. c.) and the lichen 
appears to be rather akin to the last species, but varies in its quadrilocular, 
more finger-shaped spores, and in its distinct paraphyses. —— P. Cinchone 
(Ach.) (Verrucaria, Ach.,e Nyl..N.Gran. V. prostans, Mont., Nyl. Pyr.). 
On bark (determ. cel. Nyl.). Texas (Mr. Wright). South Carolina (Mr. 
Ravenel). The bilocular spores now thrice constricted; and the spore- 
cells also indicating a tendency to pass into four. Paraphyses distinct. 
—— P. subprostans (Nyl.) (Verrucaria, Ny]. Pyr.). On- Bald Cypress 
(determ. cel. Nyl.). South Carolina (Mr. Ravenel). Differs (in these 
specimens) from the last in its larger apothecia, and smaller spores. 
Paraphyses, as in the remaining species, distinct. —— P. tropica (Ach.) 
(Verrucaria, Ach.). On various barks (determ. cel. Mont.). South 
Carolina (Mr. Ravenel). Alabama(Mr. Peters). Louisiana(Hale). Spores 
oblong, quadrilocular.——P. gemmatu, (Ach.) Naeg. in Hepp Flecht. Eur. 
(Verrucaria, Ach.). Trunks, common in New England. Spores often 
short-obtuse-ellipsoid, especially in small-fruited specimens ; but in larger 
ones the spores are larger, more oblong and acute, often constricted 
(compare Acrocordia macrocarpa, Hepp in Kb. Parerg. p. 347) and sug-' 
gesting as well Arthopyrenia, as younger, colourless conditions of Pyrenula, 
Koerb. Massalongo’s figure (Ric. f. 328) of a trilocular spore of this 
species indicates a tendency which is common to the present group. In 
Verrucaria biformis, Borr.!—probably also to be detected with us, and 
chiefly differing from smaller forms of the present species in its black 
amphithecium— trilocular, and even quadrilocular spores are not uncom- 
mon.——P. hyalospora (Nyl.) (Verrucaria, Nyl. Pyr.). On various trunks, 
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and New York. Pennsylvania (Dr. 
Michener). Canada (Mr. Drummond). This well-marked North Amer- 
ican lichen was first observed by Dr. Nylander, growing with other species 
sent to him. Spores acutate-ellipsoid or cymbiform, regularly quadriloc- 
ular. Most readily placed next to P. gemmata, for which alone of our 
Pyrenua itis likely to be passed over ; but the spores significantly similar 
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