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recognition of seven others; and to these Montagne has added four. 
Several have since been removed by Nylander to Astrothelium ; and the 
same lichenographer allowed at first (Pyrenoc. p. 44) only the rank of a 
variety of a Pyrenula-species, (Verrucaria, Nyl.) even to P. astroidewm. 
But in a later memoir (Prodr. Fl. N. Gran.) he recognizes the ‘stirps 
Pyrenastrorum’ as a section of his Verrucaria ; and refers to it his V. 
intrusa (Pyrenoc. p. 48) besides once more distinguishing from P. astroi- 
dewm his V. pyrenuloides. 
P. astroideum (Fée) Eschw. (Parmentaria, Fée. Pyrenastrum Ameri- 
canum, Spreng. P. gemmeum, Tuckerm.). On various barks, South 
Carolina (Mr. Ravenel). Alabama(Mr. Beaumont). Texas (Mr. Wright). 
Spores in eights, muriform-multilocular, the transverse series of spore- 
cells being from eight to ten, and the longitudinal commonly from three to 
five. In a common form with simple apothecia (P. gemmeum, v. simplex, 
Tuck. in litt. Verrucaria pyrenuloides, var., Nyl. Pyr., V. duplicans, 
Nyl. NW. Gran.) the spores vary from eight to two in the spore sacks, the 
transverse series reaching, in the larger ones, to from eighteen to twenty ; 
but it does not appear to offer other points of difference. And this form, 
if we are right in regarding it as only a subordinate one, is clearly refer- 
able, so far at least as the North American specimens go, not at all to our 
Pyrenula pachycheila, but to Pyrenastrum astroideum ; to which, under 
another name, we originally referred it. Nylander remarks of his 
Verrucaria (Pyrenastrum) pyrenuloides (Pyr. p. 44) that it only differs 
from his V. aspistea of that work, of which he took Pyrenastrum 
astroideum for a variety, in the apothecia being more veiled (‘ magis 
obtectis’) and we cannot, even in this respect, distinguish the first-named, 
as represented in Lindig’s collection (nu. 716-17, 721, 762) from the last 
(n. 790).—— P. Ravenelit, Tuck. Suppl. 1, 7. ¢. p. 429. On Linden and 
Wax Myrtle, low country of South Carolina (Mr. Ravenel). Spores in 
eights, ellipsoid, muriform-multilocular, the transverse series of sporo- 
blasts from eight to ten, the longitudinal, at the middle, from five to six. 
We are here in the Debatable Land between Lichens and Fungi; and it 
may well chance that we shall lose our way. The plant before us stands 
however (whatever its systematic relations) in close natural affinity to the 
foregoing; and I retain it therefore, not without competent authority, in 
its present place. And this the more that it bears the name of my valued 
friend, the accomplished explorer and illustrator of the Lichens and Fungi 
of South Carolina. 
LXX.—STRIGULA, Fr. 
Fr. Syst. Myce. 2, p. 535; 8. 0.V.p.111. Mont. Pl. Cell. Cub. p. 180, t.7, 
f.1,2,3. Mass. Ric. p. 148. Nyl. Pyr. p. 65. Stizenb. Beitr. 1. c. 
p. 146. Squammariées epiphylles, Fée Ess. p. 56, t. 2, f. 1-8, pro p. 
Stigmatidii spp., Mey. Entwick. p. 328. Verrucarie sect., Eschw. Lich. 
Bras. 1. c. p. 140. 
