374 Grant Shervian Hopkins •■ - ■ • 



smaller branches of the former were filled, however well the 

 latter might be injected. Doubtless by long continued injec- 

 tion of the subcvitaneous vessels all the visceral lymphatics 

 could be filled, but a more expeditious method is to inject, by 

 means of a rather coarse hj'podermic needle, into one of the 

 small vessels that extends along the intestine or directly into 

 one of the large lymph spaces. It may be said, however, 

 that nothing was found equal to the flexible blow-pipe as a 

 means of demonstrating the course of the lymphatics and 

 their connections with the various trunks. Indeed it is be- 

 lieved that certain of the valves at the orifices could not have 

 been satisfactorily demonstrated in any other manner. 



The l3'mphatic vessels which collect the lymph from the 

 abdominal viscera and convey it to the veins, may, for con- 

 venience of description, be divided into two portions of which 

 one consists of three large sinuses and the other of the nu- 

 merous small vessels emptying into them. Two of the sinuses 

 are situated on either side of the oesophagus immediately cau- 

 dad of the septum between the abdominal and pericardial cav- 

 ities ; the other extends along the walls of the air-bladder, on 

 the right side. 



The sinuses along the oesophagus are separated from each 

 other and also covered on their ventral side by the liver and 

 the pyloric end of the stomach. The left lobe of the liver is 

 joined to the sinus by a broad fold of peritoneum which is at- 

 tached to the latter along its middle portion. Of the two 

 sinuses the left one is much the larger. In a specimen meas- 

 uring 53 c. m. in length, it was nearly 8 c. m. long and at 

 least 2 c. m. wide. Its general form is cylindrical. It ex- 

 tends as far caudad as the liver. In general, its attachment 

 to the enteron is along the dorso-lateral portion of the oesopha- 

 gus and stomach, but it does not extend as far caudad as the 

 latter ; it is also closely joined to the adjacent walls of the air- 

 bladder. From the caudal end of the sinus several lymphatic 

 vessels ramify in a rich net-work over the adjacent walls of the 

 stomach and air-bladder. The lymphatic sinus on the right 

 of the oesophagus has the same general form as the one on 

 the opposite side. It is about 5 c. m. in length and 1}^ c. m. 



