BIRDS OF TASMANIA. 207 



closely imbricated, being margined and tipped with pale blue, 

 along the inner edges a narrow band of white. The under parts of 

 the body are silvery -white, contrasting sharply on the sides with 

 the dark plumage of the upper surface, and tapering up on the 

 fore-neck to a point about 3 inches below the angle of the lower 

 jaw; under surface of flippers bluish-grey, with the central portion 

 outwardly and a continuation towards the root silvery-white; tail 

 feathers long, harrow, very rigid, and perfectly black; the coverts 

 greyish-white, with black shafts, and tipped with blue; irides 

 yellowish-brown; bill rich nut-brown, darker on the lower 

 mandible, blackish at the base and horn-coloured at the tip; feet 

 yellowish-white with darker webs, claws dark brown with black 

 points, the soles blackish-brown. Total length, 27 inches; length 

 of flipper, 8.5; tail, 4; bill along the ridge 2.75, along the edge of 

 lower mandible 2.75; tarsus, 1.5; middle toe and claw, 3.5; 

 hind toe- and claw, .75" (Buller). 



Female. — Similar to male. 



Young. — " Differs from the adult in the character of the crests ; 

 instead of the broad superciliary band of golden-yellow there is a 

 narrow line of pale yellow, beyond which there are a number of 

 narrow straggling feathers, forming, so to speak, occipito-lateral 

 crests " (Buller). 



Nest. — A shallow depression either in the ground or among 

 shingle, sometimes scantily lined with a few bits of grass, or not 

 lined at all. 



Eggs. — Clutch two; round, with one end somewhat com- 

 pressed; texture coarse; surface without gloss; colour greenish or 

 bluish white, with a limy coating. Average dimensions in mm. 

 of several eggs : — 60 x 48.5. 



Breeding Season. — On Tristan da Cunha the birds commence 

 in July or August, Falkland Islands end of October, Kerguelen 

 Island the same, Macquarie Island a little later. 



Geographical Distribution. — " Terra del Fuego, Falkland 

 Islands, South Georgia, Cape of Good Hope, Tristan da Cunha, 

 Prince Edward, Marion, Crozette Islands, Kerguelen Island, St. 

 Paul Island, Tasmania, South Australia, Cam.pbell, Antipodes 

 and Bounty Islands, New Zealand Group " (B. M. Cat.) 



Observations. — This dweller on the lonely islands of the 

 Southern Ocean is very seldom seen round the coast of Tasmania. 

 A few specimens have been taken round the southern coast, and 

 one or two in Bass Strait. 



The following is taken from Professor Moseley's account of his 

 experience with this Penguin on Inaccessible Island: — 



" Many of the droves of Penguins made for one landing-place, 

 where the beach surface was covered with a coating of dirt from 

 their feet, forming a broad track leading to a lane in the tall grass 

 about a yard wide at the bottom and quite bare, with a smoothly 

 beaten black roadway ; this was the entrance to the main street 



