HYMENOPTERA. 153 



and a stalked abdomen. Larvae footless, and mostly 

 devoid of an anu& 

 (ii) The Terebrantia, female with an ovipositor always. Larvse 

 or False-caterpillars with a number of feet, generally 

 about twenty- two, or footless.^ 



Ants, Wasps, and Bees (Aculeate Hjrmenoptera). 



The Aculeate Hymenoptera include the Formicidm or Ants, 

 Fossoria or Digging-wasps, Vespidce or true Wasps, and the 

 ApidcB or Bees. The Ants, Wasps, and Bees live in colonies, 

 the Fossoria are solitary. 



The Aculeate Hymenoptera are classified as follows : Hetero- 

 gyna or Ants, with the petiole of the abdomen having one or more 

 scales, sexes consisting of ^ , ^ , ^ . Fossores, with simple 

 petiole, $ and $ only. Wings not folded longitudinally. 

 Diploptera or Wasps and Sand-wasps, with the wings folded 

 longitudinally. AnthapMla, hairs of body more "or less plumose 

 or branched. 



Ants (Hetbrogtna). 



The FormicidcB or Ants are provided with strong mandibles 

 for biting, the maxillae and labium normal All ants are social, 

 living in large colonies composed of workers, males, and females. 

 The workers are always apterous ; they are undeveloped females, 

 and are often peculiarly modified for difierent purposes: some 

 act as soldiers, others as labourers, and yet others as " nurses " 

 for the brood. The males and females have wings. The abdo- 

 men, which is provided with a powerful poisonous sting, is 

 united to the thorax by a one-jointed stalk in the genus Formica, 

 by a two-jointed stalk in Myrmica. Those with the two-jointed 



^ Another classification is to divide the Hymenoptera into two sub-orders, 

 as follows : — 



(i) Hymen. Petioliventres. Including the Aculeata and Ichneumons. 

 Abdomen connected to thorax by slender joint. 



(ii) Hymen. SesiUivenires. Sawfliea and Wood Wasps. Abdomen 

 broad at the base. 



