188 LEPIDOPTEEA (^MOTHS;. 



and often have a few scattered hairs over the hody. Some 

 pupate in cocoons, others like butterfly larvae. One species, the 

 Garden-Pebble-Moth {Pionea forficalis), is sometimes injurious 

 to garden produce, otherwise they are of little economic im- 

 portance. The CramUdm form another family popularly called 

 " grass moths " ; they have long wings and long palpi, the front 

 wings narrow, the hind ones ample and broad. In the true 

 Crambidce the wings fold up in a tubular form when at rest. 

 One family, the Galeriidm or Bee-Moths, are injurious to bee- 

 keepers by their larvae living in the comb and weakening the 

 stock. Improvements in apiculture have, however, done away 

 with the loss from this pest. 



The Tortricidae and Carpocapsidae are most important. 

 These insects have a narrow body, not extending beyond the 

 hind -wings. Fore -wings short and broad, truncate at the 

 extremity, hind-wings also broad. The larvae live very often 

 in rolled-up leaves ; others live in seeds and fruit, and in the 

 flower-heads of plants. Most of the larvse are pale in colour, 

 delicate in texture, and slightly hairy, with a large brown head. 



The Codlin Moth {Carpocapsa pomonella). 



The members of the genus Carpocapsa live inside seeds and 

 fruits in the larval stage. The Codlin Moth, one of the Carpo- 

 eapsidce, is half an inch across the wings ; the fore-wings are 

 grey, with dark wavy lines, and a metallic patch at each 

 corner ; the hind- wings are slaty grey. They appear in the 

 orchards at the time when the blossom is falling from the 

 apple-trees, when the female deposits her eggs on the apple, — 

 sometimes on the eye, at others on the side of the young 

 fruit. The minute Codlin maggot enters the apple in either 

 case at the calyx, and then commences to burrow into the 

 fruit, where it matures, causing so-called "maggotty" apples 

 and "early windfalls." They first burrow to the centre and 



