TELE SKULL. 



289 



The caudal vertebrae number sixteen to eighteen ; they are 

 reduced to little bony cylinders. No closed neural canal runs 

 down them after the third or fourth vertebra. 



The skull or cranium (fig. 152), which articulates with the 

 axis by two bony projections, the two occipital condyles (00), 

 is divided into two regions, the cranial and facial The former is 

 a bony box which contains the swollen part of the neural cord. 



OT 



AJdC- 



cxc- 



ST- 



FiG. 152. — Skull of the Horse. 



OC, Occipital condyle ; ST, styloid process ; OT, occipital tuberosity ; P, parietal 

 bone ; AH, auditory region ; Z, zygomatic process of teioporal bone ; F, frontal bone ; 

 0, orbit ; L, lachrymal bone ; M, malar ; jV, nasal bone ; SM, supra-maxillary ; OF, 

 infranrbital foramen ; PM, premaxillary ; IT, incisor teetb ; MT, molar teeth ; IM 

 inferior maxillary ; CP, coronoid process. 



the brain. The facial part constitutes the largest area of the 

 skuU. The skull, which is an elongated pyramidal box in the 

 horse, is built up of a great number of bones (fig. 153). Only 

 a few of the more important can be mentioned here ; for further 

 details the reader must consult various works on osteology and 

 veterinary anatomy. 



The cranium is surrounded by flat bones at the back : these 



T 



