292 



SKELETON OF THE HOESE. 



typically composed of six bones — two scapulm, two coracoids, 

 and two clavicles. In the horse this so-called shoulder girdle 

 is very simple; the coracoids are reduced to mere fragments, 

 smaU processes attached to the shoulder-blades or scapulae, 

 and known as the coracoid processes. 'No clavicles or collar- 

 bones are found at aU. The arch is really reduced to a pair 



of large scapulse. The 

 scapula is shallow, 

 broadened above and 

 '- contracted below, where 

 Gi we find a depression, 

 the glenoid cavity, in 

 which fits the head of 

 the arm -bone or hum- 

 erus. At the top of 

 each scapula is a car- 

 tilaginous prolongation 

 rounded at its summit, 

 and down the outer 

 face of the scapula 

 runs a bony ridge: this 

 ridge is much thick- 

 ened and turned back- 

 wards above the middle. 

 By noticing this point, 

 FoEE, AND B, Hind Leg of Hokse. we Can easily tell a right 



S, Radius; K, knee (carpus); Ca, cannon-bone; frnm a Ipft o^nnnlo 



S, splint-bones ; Pas, pastern ; Cor, coronet ; Cof, ^^""^ ^ ^^^^ SCapUia. 

 coffin-bone; Trap, pisciform ; Ses, sesamoid bone; Thp inrp -14'mh (fta 

 r, tibia ; ^s, astragalus ; C, calcaneus ; Cm, cuboid. •'""^ '■''"" V"&- 



154, a) of the horse 

 consists of the following parts : the humerus, the radius (B) and 

 ulna, the carjms (K) (or knee of the horse), the metacarpus or 

 cannon-bone (Oa), and the phalange-bones, consisting of three 

 divisions. Normally in animals there are five metacarpals and 

 five phalanges or digits, such as we see in man; but in the 

 horse these latter are reduced to one. The fore-limb, which is 



Pig. 164.- 



