CLASSIFICATION OF BIEDS. 347 



1st Division Ratitce. 



Omnivorous and terrestrial. Young precocious. Vertebrae hetero- 

 coelous. Nares impervious. Proximal articulating head of quadrate single. 

 Sternum without keel and spina interna. Coracoid fused with scapula. 

 Wings flightless. Terminal caudal vertebrae not united into a ploughshare 

 bone. "So pterylse in adult. Oil-gland absent, and cseca of intestines 

 functional. 



This division is not represented in Great Britain. It contains six 

 orders, including the Struthiones (Ostriches), Rhese (Rheas), Casuarii 

 (Cassowarys), Apteryges (Apteryx), Dinornithes (Moas), and iEpyomithes. 



2nd Division Carmata. 



The Carinatse have a keel to sternum. Scapulse and coracoids distinct. 

 Furcula complete. Vomer bone not fused with the neighbouring bones of 

 palate. 



1. ColymbiformeB. — Cosmopolitan. Aquatic ; with precocious young. 

 Feed on animal substances. No basi-pterygoid processes (fig. 182, o, Bpt). 

 Supra-orbital glands present. No neck apteria. Oil-gland tufted. Legs 

 short. Hallux small, front toes webbed or lobate. Cseca functional. 



(i) QoVymbi (Divers). — Front toes webbed. 14-15 cervical vertebrae. 



11 primaries. 



(ii) Podicipedes (Grebes). — Front toes lobate. 17-21 cervical vertebrae. 



12 primaries. 



2. Spheuiscif ormes (Penguins). — Not represented in Great Britain. 



3. Frocellariif ormes. — Cosmopolitan ; marine ; young nestlings, which 

 are downy. Downs complex. Oil - gland tufted. Neck with lateral 

 apteria. Nares tubular and impervious. Front toes webbed. Hallux 

 small or rudimentary. Tongue mostly rudimentary. Schizognathous ^ 

 (fig. 181, A). 



Tvhina/res (Petrels and Shearwaters). 



4. Ciconiiformes. — Cosmopolitan, aquatic birds. Tufted oil - gland. 

 Young pass through a downy stage. No basi-pterygoid processes. Des- 

 mognathous^ (fig. 182, d). 



(i) Steganopodes. — Aquatic. Fish-eaters. Nares impervious. Neck 

 without apteria. No supra-orbital glands. Legs short ; all four 

 toes webbed together. Rudimentary tongue. 



(1) PMlacrocoracidce (Cormorants), with 18 - 20 cervical ver- 



tebrae. 



(2) Peleoanidce (Pelicans, Gannets), with 17 cervical vertebrae. 



(3) Phcetontidm and (4) Fregatidce, both absent in Great Britain. 



1 Schizognathous = maxillo-palatines free. Vomer pointed in front. 



2 Desmognathous=maxillo-palatines united. 



