CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS. 349 



5. Falconiformes. — Raptorial bill and feet. Young nestlings. Animal 

 food. Cseca rudimentary. Desmognathous. 



(i) Cathartce. — Oil-gland nude. Neck without apteria. Nares pervious. 



Sternum with two pair of notches. Neotropical only, 

 (ii) Acdpitres. — Cosmopolitan. Oil - gland tufted. Nares impervious. 



Neck with lateral apteria. Sternum with one pair of notches. 



(1) Oypogercmidce. — No British representatives. 



(2) Pandionidce (Ospreys). — 14-15 cervical vertebrae. After- 



shaft absent. Coracoids overlapping. 



(3) FaZoonidw (Hawks and Eagles). — 14 cervical vertebrae. 



After-shaft present. Coracoids separate. 



(4) VvXturidce (Vultures). — 15 cervical vertebrae. After-shaft 



present. Coracoids separate. 



6. Anseriformes. — Young precocious and downy. Aquatic cosmo- 

 politan birds. Neck long without apteria. Oil-gland tufted. After-shaft 

 rudimentary. Nares pervious. Penis long and spiral. 



(i) PalamiedeoE (Screamers). — No British representatives. Neotropic 



only, 

 (ii) Anseres (Ducks, Geese, &c.) — Basi-pterygoid processes articulate 

 with the palatine ends of pterygoids (d). 



7. Crypturiformes. — No British representatives. 



8. Galliformes. — Cosmopolitan. Grain - feeders. Nares impervious. 

 Globular crop. 10 primaries. Cseca large. Schizognathous. Furcula 

 with hypocleidium (fig. 177). 



(i) Tumices. — No British representatives. 



(ii) OaUi. — Neck without lateral apteria. 16 or more cervical vertebrae. 

 Hallux large. Coracoids meeting. 



(1) Oallvnce (Fowls, Pheasants, &c.) — Young precocious. 16 



cervical vertebrae. Sternum with long posterior lateral 

 and oblique processes (fig. 183, e and c). 



(2) Opisthocomidce (Hoatzin or "Stink-Pheasant"). — No British 



representatives. 



9. Gruiformes. — Aquatic or paludic. Cosmopolitan. No basi-ptery- 

 goid processes. Feet like waders, except in Otis. Mostly precocious 

 young and schizognathous. 



(i) Mcdlidm (Kails and Coots). — Aquatic or semi - aquatic. Lateral 



cervical apteria. Tufted oil-gland. 14 or 15 cervical vertebrae. 



Sternum with long simple posterior processes, 

 (ii) Oruidoe (Cranes). — Oil-gland nude. 17-20 cervical vertebrae. 



Sternum solid. Lateral cervical apteria. 

 (iii) OtididcB (Bustards). — No cervical apteria. Do\vns of adults only on 



apteria. Sternum with four posterior notches. Hallux absent ; 



