OVID^ AND BOVID^. 453 



is now chiefly confined to the wilder regions of Scotland. It is 

 found in Cumherland, Dorsetshire, and Essex, and may he seen in 

 a few parks. It has a long winter coat of a dull brown colour : 

 in summer the coat is reddish-brown, with a white patch on 

 the rump. The legs are long and slender and the antlers small, 

 — never any "brow-tynes," and as a rule only three terminal 

 branches present. They are shed in December and January. 

 An adult roe weighs about 45 lb. The fawns are spotted with 

 white, and are born in April and May. As a rule, each roe 

 gives birth to twins. The roebuck breed about August.^ They 

 pass the day in open spaces in the woods, coming into the fields to 

 feed, especially upon standing corn and clover. Much damage 

 may be done, where they are abundant, if they get into corn- 

 fields. Grass and shoots of oak and spruce form the chief food. 

 The Fallov)-Deer (Cervus dama) is not a native of England. 

 It stands about three feet high. The antlers are dilated towards 

 their extremities. They live in herds. 



Cavicobnia (Ovid^ axd Bovid^). 



The other Euminants interesting to us are the Cavicomia, 

 which include the Sheep, Oxen, and Goats. In the Cavicomia 

 there are never any incisors or canines on the upper jaw, the 

 hardened gum taking their place. The dental formula is as 

 follows ; — 



0—0 0—0 3—3 3—3 



; pm - — - ; m - — - = 32. 



"3—3' "1—1 '^""3— 3' 3—3 

 Both male and female may have horns, or the male alone may be 

 homed. The Cavicomia have these structures very diiferently 

 formed to the antlers of the Cervidse. They are persistent, 

 and not shed as in deer ; moreover, they consist of a bony core 

 at the base, which is covered by a hollow case of horn. The 

 feet of the Cavicomia are always cloven. Here belong the 



^ Dr Bischoff has shown that the fertilised ovum remains dormant fop 

 four and a half months before development proceeds. 



