456 



MAMMALIA. 



Pig. 217.— Median Section of Ox's Head. 



1, Condyloid foramen ; 2, internal auditory- 

 hiatus ; 3, anterior foramen lacerum ; 4, pos- 

 terior ditto ; 5, intra-cranial orifice of parieto- 

 temporal bone ; 6, bony plate separating frontal 

 sinus ; 7, lamina isolating sphenoidal sinus ; 

 8, lamina isolating the palatine part of the 

 maxillary sinus ; 9, oval foramen ; 10, optic 

 fossa ; 11, vomer ; 12, pterygoid ; 13, large 

 opening leading into maxillary sinus, closed by 

 pituitary membrane when fresh ; 14, maxillary 

 turbinated bone ; 15, ethmoidal turbinated 

 bone ; 16 great ethmoid cell. (Chauveau.) 



twisted The carpus con- 

 sists of six bones in the 

 sheep and ox, — four in 

 the first row, two in the 

 second, the magnum and 

 trapezoid being fused to- 

 gether. Internally the 

 sheep is much like the ox, 

 but in the ram there is 

 no prostate gland, and the 

 penis is remarkable for the 

 two lateral folds disposed 

 like wings at the base of 

 the glans. Homed vari- 

 eties of sheep may have 

 the horns in both sexes 

 (blackfaced sheep) or only 

 in the male (merino sheep). 

 All sheep are natives of the 

 Old World, but from what 

 species our various domestic 

 breeds have originated we 

 do not know. Probably 

 some of the horned vari- 

 eties with short tails have 

 sprung from the " moufflon " 

 of Sardinia and Corsica. 



Oxen {Bovidm). — The 

 oxen never have spirally 

 twisted horns. They are 

 provided with an immense 

 rumen, and all chew the 

 cud. The skeleton of the ox 

 (fig. 218) differs from that of 



