394 SKETCH OF PA.LEOBOTANY. 



(1665), Merrets'5 (1667), Steno88(1669), WedeP^ (1672), Boccone^^ (1674), 

 Lister™ (1678), Leibnitz"" (1693), Tenzel"! (1694), in the seventeenth; 

 Oarl "2 (1704), Eosinus ^" (1719), Kundmann ^"^ (1737), Schultze "» (1755), 

 Parsons ""^ (1757), Blumenbach ^"^ (1780), in the eighteenth century, and 

 numerous others, recognized in one form or another the real character of 

 the fossils they were dealing with, some comparing them with living ani- 

 mals and ijlants, and some, especially in the later years, boldly combat- 

 ing the vagaries and supernatural explanations of the dominant schools. 

 Most of these writers investigated the specimens themselves and drew 

 their conclusions fresh from them, and in not a few cases the amount 

 of such material in their hands for investigation was considerable. 



During the seventeenth century these more rational utterances were 

 of course without avail, but during the eighteenth they commenced to 

 make themselves felt with increasing force. The diluvian hypothesis, 

 as already remarked, was an advance toward the true conception, and 

 the question now turned upon the manner in which these petrified re- 

 mains of once living things could have been placed where they were 

 found. Kundmann and Schulze were among the boldest, and Morand™ 



■'■'Chribtopher Merret. PiDax rerum naturalium Britannicarum, eontiuens vegeta- 

 T)ilia, ammalia et foesilia in hac insula reperta iuclioatus. London, 1666 & 1667. 



^^ Nicolaus Steno. De solido intra solidum naturaliter coutento dissertationis pro- 

 dromus. Florentine, 1669. 



"■ a. W. Wedel. De conohis saxatilibns. Ephemerid. Naturae Curioeorum, 1672. 

 Ill, pp. 101-103, PI. LXX. LipsisB et Francf., 1681. 



•'"Paul Boccone. Eecherohes et observations natiirelles touchant le corail, etc., 

 Amsterdam, 1674. 



'3 Martin Lister. Historise animalium tres Angliaj tractatus quibus adjectus est 

 quartus de lapidibus ad cocUearum quandam imaginem figuratis. Loudon, 1678. 

 See the "Prasfatio" to this fourth treatise, in ■which, while favoring a terrigenous 

 origin, he admits that if real animals they have now ceased to be generated. P. 199. 



Idem. Synopsis methodica conchyliorum. 1685. 



Idem. A description of stones figured like plants, and by some observing men 

 esteemed to be plants petrified. Phil. Trans. London, 1673, Vol. VIII, No. 100, pp 

 6181-6191. PI. I. 



™ G. W. Leibnitz. Acta erudita. Lipsise, 1693. P. 40. 



'"1 W. E. Tenzel. Epistola ad Magliabechum de soeleto elephautiuo Tonnae nuper 

 ■effossiv. Jena, 1694. 



"- Samuel Carl. Lapis Lydius philosophlcus pyrotechuicus ad ossinm fossilium 

 docima.siam analytice demonstrandum adhibitus, etc. Franc, ad Mcenam, 1704. 



■»' Michael Reinhold Eosinus. Tentaminis de lithozois ao lithophytis, olim marinis, 

 jam vero subterraneis, prodromus, etc. Hamburg, 1719. 



lo-i J. C. Kundmann. Eariora naturas et artis, oder Seltenheiten der Natur uud 

 Kunst des Kundmannscher Naturalienkabinets. Breslau u. Leipzig, 1737. I. Ab- 

 achnitt, 14. Artiokel. 



™ Ch. Fr. Schultze. Kurtze Betrachtung derer Krauterabdriioke im Steinreiche. 

 Dresden und Leipzig, 1755, S. 10. 



«"! James Parsons. An account of some fossils, fruits, and other bodies found in 

 the island of Shepey. Phil. Trans., 1757, Vol. 50, pt. 2, p. 396. 



"" Johann Friedrich Blumenbach. Handbuch der Natnrgeschichte. Gottin<'en 

 1779-1780. 6.Aufl.l799. Theil II, $ 222, 225. (See especially pp. 688-708, ed. 1799.) 



■°« J. F. C. Morand. Die Kunst auf Steinkohlen zu bauen. Leipzig u. Konigs- 

 berg, 1771, 4°. (Translated from the French. ) 



